Galveston Hurricane essays

Galveston Hurricane papers The Galveston Hurricane and Storm Surge On a Friday evening in Galveston on September 7, 1900, numerous inhabitants were having supper unconscious of an unfortunate typhoon made a beeline for them. The individuals didn't know exactly how ground-breaking the typhoon was on the grounds that they didn't have the advanced innovation that we have today. Their method of deciding typhoon insights was to just go out on pontoons and report back data. By early afternoon on September 8, 1900, this tropical storm had developed in wind speed from 15 miles for each hour to more than 50 miles for every hour. The tempest seemed, by all accounts, to be getting bigger. The Galveston Hurricane was the most exceedingly terrible tropical storm in American history. It was an F-4 tropical storm with winds that were said to have reached up to 145 miles for every hour. The water rose so much that it totally lowered scaffolds that appended the terrain with the island. Climatic weight went into twofold digits, and the barometric weight fell quickly as the water rose. Galvestons most elevated point was just 8.7 feet above ocean level, so the water didn't need to rise a lot to cover the entire island. There were 8,000 passings after the typhoon was done with its annihilation. More than 3,600 homes were either cleared away or transformed into destruction. There was not a solitary structure that got away from harm. The tropical storm left 6,000 survivors with 5,000 of these survivors having been either wounded or beaten. Preceding the typhoon, Galveston was known as the New York of the South since it was the main seaport in the country. This before long changed after the storm. The Galveston Hurricane was more appalling than even the Great Chicago Fire and the Johnstown Flood set up. On account of the entirety of the bodies, the citys pioneers chose to give the dead an internment adrift. More than 700 bodies were put on a flatboat that took them out to the ocean. Th ... <!

World economies (PHD level) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

World economies (PHD level) - Essay Example The economy had modest cash gliding which was contributed by the general population. The borrowings were then put resources into the stocks and protections in the household showcase just as outside business sectors legitimately inverse to the explanation of getting. The banks and different organizations loaned the cash to be put resources into land holding yet rather it was put resources into financial exchanges (The Lost Decade - Japans Economic Crisis). As indicated by the article ‘The Lost Decade - Japans Economic Crisis,’ the Finance Ministry in the wake of understanding this expanded the loan fees which made the securities exchange crash no doubt. The expansion in financing costs made the banks go in enormous obligation emergency because of tremendous terrible obligations. What's more, even those official numbers dont catch the full size of the surge of modest cash. This was likewise because of the way that the banks and different foundations were selling securities in the outside market with a low financing cost which when traded into yen, diminished the expense of cash to zero. The Japanese financial area was in emergency and numerous banks were bailed by the administration or the entire financial segment of Japan would have been wrecked. The name Lost Decade was given on the grounds that the Japanese banks were in no situation to loan more cash or do capital speculation because of enormous measures of terrible obligations. The financial circumstance in Japan is currently not as terrible as the Lost Decade when the monetary development had recently arrived at a sudden stop. Joblessness had rose is as yet an issue however it isn't at a degree of emergency like in the Lost Decade. It is contended by numerous financial experts that the monetary circumstance in America is on the way of financial emergency like the Lost Decade in Japan. The Federal Reserve of The Fed of US is additionally bringing down the markdown rate. Because of this the development in the American economy is gradually slithering upwards, the reserve funds are put resources into the land which doesn't make any commitment to the country’s investment funds and the securities exchange

5 Great Multi-Purpose Gift Books

5 Great Multi-Purpose Gift Books Books are some of the best multi-purpose, multi-people presents. When you spot an especially cool book, primed for gifting, don’t limit yourself to one name on your list â€" buy several, for everyone who would love it. Think of it as a Nars Multiple, or a Leatherman multi-tool, helping you zip through your to-do list. When you find a special title, why limit it to just one person on your gift list? Get that book into all the right hands. Books aren’t monogamous. There’s no shame in this. Don’t raise that eyebrow â€" I’m not talking about regifting! Although it’s a good idea to spread the books out among people who a) won’t be opening the gifts in front of each other and b) won’t soon see the same book on each other’s sofas. Below are five terrific multi-gift-worthy finds. My parameters: they can thrill different kinds of readers; they’ve been published in the past year or so; and they cost less than $35 (skipping those glossy coffeetable tomes). Also, they need an eye-catching design. After all, there will be judging of covers. Penguin’s Great Food Series These nine slender, pocket-sized volumes rummage through history’s kitchen cabinets. They collect writings on food from notable American and European authors from the past 400 years, ranging from Samuel Pepys’s riotous dinner parties to the careful household economies of Mrs. Beeton. Alexandre Dumas gathers up mouthwatering trivia, like the connection between a fig and the sack of Carthage. Pepys buries Parmesan cheese and wine in his garden, to save it from the Great Fire of London. The Charles Lamb title, A Dissertation Upon Roast Pig and Other Essays, is right on the jinglebell, as it includes his musings on Christmas: “Let us enjoy the present, and laugh at the past.” You can find even more on Penguin’s UK site. Cover Judge: absolutely irresistible. Each cover has evocative lettering and a pattern  inspired by ceramics produced  in the same era as the original writings. Best For: any good trencherman or -woman; history buffs; friends who throw dinner parties or who actually use a mandolin. That Is All by John Hodgman Every page teems with the peculiarly convincing pseudo-facts of the hilarious Hodgman. He’ll wax eloquent about mustache etiquette and the genetic mutations of robber barons, then rebut urban myths about New York with even more fabulosities. This is the best year to buy it, since the top of every page notes a daily event predicted through 2012. So you can prep your binoculars for the day when the Golden Gate Bridge will be crushed in a fight between an Octosaur and a Narwhaldactyl. Cover Judge: not much at first glance, but flick off the jacket for a mustachioed photo of Hodgman inside. Best For: grouchy relatives; know-it-alls; fans of Jon Stewart; your favorite coworker. Atlas of Remote Islands by Judith Schalansky Within a few pages, Schalansky can convert anyone to her view that an atlas is poetic, romantic, utterly absorbing. She explains the role of cartography as a “theatre of the world,” then delves into a collection of faraway specks in the oceans. In fact-based reveries, she introduces islands with dreamy names, like Rapa Iti and Fangataufa. Volcanic or lush or covered in ice, they’re the sites of shipwrecks, discovery, despair, and eroticism. Each gets a crisp, enticing, atlas-style illustration. Cover Judge: elegantly handsome, not flashy, with a seaglass-blue cover and black cloth binding. Best For: travelers, armchair and actual; antisocial people who would relish life on an uninhabited island; yourself, if you’re exhausted by family time. Mission Street Food: Recipes and Ideas from an Improbable Restaurant by Anthony Myint and Karen Leibowitz Must restrain myself from using any food-based metaphors to describe this book (no bouillabaisse, melting pot, chop suey). It gets shelved with cookbooks and it does have recipes, with plenty of helpful photos, but it’s much, much more. There’s an oral autobiography of sorts, from the lovestruck couple who started the “unpredictable eating experiences” in San Francisco, first by subletting a taco truck and then by staging pop-up dinners in a Chinese restaurant. There’s an illustrated version of a neighborhood altercation; essays on charitable businesses and fried chicken; and encouragement to put Camembert on a brownie. You’ll spot reproductions of unorthodox fortune cookie strips: “There’s no such thing as a lesbian dragonfly.” You’ll be hungry and exhilarated. And a percentage of the cost goes to Slow Food USA. Cover Judge: True to McSweeney’s form, it’s a clean, warm design. Bonus point for the Chinese astrological readings on the inside cover. Best For: your dim-sum buddy; anyone who read Michael Pollan; newlyweds; students finishing college or business school. Parisian Chic: A Style Guide by Inès de la Fressange and Sophie Gachet A breezy dose of chic, courtesy of French model and style icon Inès de la Fressange. Lists, tips, and a flurry of sketches make this feel chatty and intimate (“think clink, not bling”), but the pages of fashion don’ts remind you that there’s discipline behind the ease. She shares her favorite Paris shops, true local favorites rather than global brands â€" and happily, many offer online shopping. Some advice is refreshingly down to earth, like rinsing your hair with vinegar or listening to the Rolling Stones while getting dressed. Cover Judge: nightstand-ready, in tomato-red with gilt embossing. Best For: friends addicted to street-style blogs; Francophiles; the aunt who subscribes to at least three fashion magazines.

Prison Overcrowding And The Criminal Justice System Essay

Prison overcrowding occurs when the inmate population exceeds the rate in which inmates are released. More than half of America’s prisons are overcrowded. Strict government and state budgets are partly to blame for this issue. Operation of prisons at maximum capacity is dangerous for employees and other inmates. Prison overcrowding continues to add stress on the entire criminal justice system. Public Defenders, wardens, judges, governors, and probation officers must amalgamate to help resolve this issue. These entities usually run independently from each other and do not continuously consider the influence decisions have on the prison system. This paper incorporates a panel discussion and media broadcast between a judge, a warden, a governor, a public defender, and a probation officer. After a fight breaks out at Elm Heights Prison these individuals participate in a news broadcast to discuss the ramifications of exceeding prison population. Furthermore, this paper focuses on the judge’s perspectives and solutions to prison overcrowding. Criminal justice officials are facing different challenges than those that existed many years ago. A greater number of narcotic users are now being housed in prisons. Incarceration numbers for petty crimes is on the rise. Courts are sentencing offenders for smaller petty crimes, thus taking up space for criminals who have committed more serious crimes. Ultimately it is the judge who makes the final sentencing decision inShow MoreRelated235764916 CJA 394 Week 1 Criminal Justice Overview Paper SAMPLE page only1665 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Select one of the following issues: †¢ Racial profiling †¢ Prison overcrowding †¢ The war on drugs †¢ Increased use of technology †¢ Cultural diversity Write a 1,050- to 1,705-word paper addressing how your selected issue affects the criminal justice system as a whole. †¢ Describe some of the change(s) the criminal justice system as a whole has made in response to the issue you selected. †¢ Include your opinion on whether the changes are sufficient. Should more changes be made, and if so, what changesRead MoreOne Of The Main Problems With The Law Is Injustice In The1458 Words   |  6 Pages One of the main problems with the law is injustice in the criminal justice system. There are so many innocent people serving time in jail. The criminal justice system in America was created to keep communities safe, to respect and restore victims, and to return offenders who leave prison to be self-sufficient and law-abiding. What the system has become is a monumental failure that our states and nation can no longer afford. There has been a growth in crime, but that may be because of theRead MoreEssay about American Intervention: Prisons in the United States576 Words   |  3 Pageshelp of our own concerning our prisons. First, we could use help with overcrowding. Next, minor flaws in our justice system that contribute to overcrowding. Finally, the condition of s ome of our prisons don’t make them seem like they are not prisons at all. In the United States, prison overcrowding is caused by many issues. These include not enough room in prisons, increasing crime rates, and changes in the justice system’s laws. Causes of prison overcrowding may include: double-celling, prisonerRead MoreCriminal Justice Systems And Its Effect On Parole Board1711 Words   |  7 PagesVictoria criminal justice systems , are designed to regulate members’ attitudes in the society, implement law and order, and to bring those offenders who commit crimes before the court of justice. In the assessment paper, observation was conducted through a range of scholarly research/ newspaper reports, articles, The age, Herald Sun, Victorian General news wires. Critical analysis , was also conducted to different issues, thus; Victorian government tougher sentencing on crimes to implementRead MoreIs Drug Treatment a Viable Alternative to Prison Time? Essay1113 Words   |  5 PagesPrisons and county jails are extremely over populated, so over populated that in some jails inmates are sleeping on the floors. According to Senator Jeanne Shaheen (From Senator Jeanne Shaheen: Prison Overcrowding, 2011), the federal prisons are currently 35 percent over their capacity. The overcrowding is costing the criminal justice system and taxpayers more money to transfer inmates to other facilities and in lawsuits brought by inmates against the prisons. With the prisons and county jailsRead MoreThe Flawed Prison System of America1039 Words   |  5 PagesUnites States of America’s prison system is a flawed mess. To open the eyes of our government we must first take a stand against unlawful government decisions, and show support for the greater good of society. What are our own tax-dollars paying for, what are the flaws in the justice/pris on system, why is overcrowding in prisons causing tension, and what are ways our society and government can rebuild the system that has been destroyed over the years? Most criminals in prisons are not a danger to ourRead MorePrison Overcrowding : The United States1535 Words   |  7 Pages 2017 Prison Overcrowding The United States has the highest number of incarcerated individuals than other countries. Offenders are arrested every day for minor and major offences such as murder. America is hard on crime. When someone breaks the law the criminal justice’s system seeks an eye for an eye. Prison overcrowding has become a major problem in the United States, it is very expensive to house an inmate and there are other methods to punish offenders without sending them to prison for extendedRead MorePrison Overcrowding Is A Serious Problem1448 Words   |  6 PagesPrison overcrowding is a result of the imprisonment of drug users and first time offenders of non-violent crimes. The number of people being incarcerated greatly outweighs the number of prisons across the country. Prison overcrowding is a serious problem because it can be dangerous to both prisoners and correction officers. When prisoners are forced to live in crowded situations, the possibility of violence is greater (Oliver 44) . Issues such as assaults and rapes can occur when there is notRead MoreIn Criminal Justice, There Are Many Ethical Dilemmas At1395 Words   |  6 PagesIn criminal justice, there are many ethical dilemmas at every stage of the system, which allows people to manipulate the criminal justice to rule in individual favor, resulting to serious consequence on an individual or a time community security. These incongruous laws, policies, regulation and practices in many a time create conflicts and distortion of the foundation of justice, resulting to an ethical dilemma. The purpose of this paper is to find out the course of action to take to handle suchRead MoreEffects Of Overcrowded Prisons1218 Words   |  5 Pagesin the overgrown prisons throughout the country. Over 2.4 million people call a state prison, federal prison, or local jail their home ( Prison Overcrowding). Not only are citizens frightened about the over populated prisons, but also the prisoners who have to live there for a period of time. Overcrowded prisons produce an amount of stress and physical problems to the prisoner ( When Prison). Overcrowding restricts access to dining halls, laundry rooms, and bathrooms (When Prison). Also some inmates

Corporate Governance and Business Ethics Case Study

ASSIGNMENT NO.1 Subject: CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Topic: Business Ethics scenario Case Study Date: 7th March 2011 Submitted by: Miss. Janhavi R Joshi Submitted to: Professor Mrs. Monica Khanna 1. Receiving a Holiday Gift: A supplier sends a basket of expensive foodstuffs to your home at Christmas with a card: We hope you and your family enjoy the goodies.. What action(s) might you want to take? Answer: Ethical dilemma: There are two reasons for such generosity from the Supplier. One could be that there is a long standing relationship with the supplier, and therefore the supplier is genuinely sending these gifts with no other intention than Christmas greetings. But the second reason and the most likely one is that†¦show more content†¦This is ethical means to still show some benefit to the client and not yielding to the un- reasonable demands. If the purchasing manager is till adamant about pursuing the previous offer there is no point in going ahead with this client. 4. References: A large, prospective client calls you and asks about a competitors reputation. One of your long time customers had a very bad experience with this competitor. What information do you share with the prospect? How do you respond to the prospect call? Answer: Ethical dilemma: The purpose of the client in asking this question is not clear. He may want to judge my company/values on basis of my response to this question. Most probably the prospective client is already aware of the reputation of that competitor. Bad mouthing a competitor is not ethical and also putting the competitor down and hence trying to enhance ones companies image is as well not the right thing to do. Divulging information that my existing- long- time client has shared with me, to an outsider (the person is only a prospective client) would not be fair. But the catch here is that if I say all/only pleasant things about my competitor the prospective client may have doubts about doing business with myShow MoreRelatedCase Studies of Business Ethics Corporate Governance3354 Words   |  14 PagesAn Assignment of Business Ethics amp; Corporate Governance CASE STUDIES Module I BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY December 3, 2009, marked the 25th anniversary of the worlds worst ever industrial disaster - the gas leak that occurred at Union Carbide India Ltds (UCIL) pesticide plant in Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh, India). The tragedy that instantly killed more than 3,000 people and left thousands injured and affected for life, occurred when water entered Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) storage tank No. 610Read MoreWhat Must Be Done to Improve Ethics in Finance and Corporate Governance?1211 Words   |  5 PagesU10A2- Essay Louise Pettiford What must be done to improve ethics in finance and corporate governance? Corporate governance can be referred to the rules, processes, or laws by which businesses are operated, regulated and controlled. It can also refer to internal factors defined by the officers, stockholders or constitution of a corporation. After finding the meaning of Corporate governance, which can also be referred to corporate responsibility, I thought about the policies in which the companyRead MoreBusiness Ethics And Corporate And Management Strategies Essay876 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction- An Overview It is a viable alternative to apply CSR in Corporate and management strategies to outclass competing companies. An organization by carrying out its ethical principles and convictions in their activities and propagating them via organizational network influences the relationship with shareholders, clients and employees. The application of CSR can lead to social benefits and legitimacy for the firm since it can consider itself as a coalition in which the different stakeholdersRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility Of The International Organization1562 Words   |  7 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility as taken precedence in the way in which business operates, and now the focus is to hold businesses ‘ accountable’, which is defined by (Keohane, 2006), as a implementation or rules and exercising of power, within a particular domain, cited in How FIFA can be held accountable? Example, of such is the issues surrounding the governance is within FIFA, and holding them acco untable for the governance of football and the issues surrounding the international organizationRead More: Critically Evaluate Corporate Social Responsibility as an Ethical Tool Basing Some of Your Argument on the Toyota Case Study1711 Words   |  7 PagesWhat Corporate Social Responsibility is Corporate Social Responsibility can be defined has an obligation beyond that required law and economics , for a firm to purse long term goals that are good for the society. This entails the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving quality of the workforce and their families as well as that of the local community and society at large. Bhatia (2004) defined corporate social responsibility asRead MoreCase Study : Ethics Applied1548 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Nortel Case Study. After a brief introductory discussion of the Nortel Case, a greater understanding of the ethical ramifications of the situation will be facilitated by answering five key questions. Nortel Case Study: Ethics Applied Introduction: Over the last two decades the business world has been rocked by several prominent business scandals such as Enron, WorldCom and Goldman Sachs. Business scandals are not some new phenomena; but with the increasingly global nature of business and industryRead MoreInformation technology for managers1289 Words   |  6 Pages and Japan. Locate your local office at: international.cengage.com/region Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd. For your lifelong learning solutions, visit www.cengage.com/coursetechnology Visit our corporate website at www.cengage.com Microsoft, Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Vista are registered trademarks of Microsoft ® Corporation. Some of the product names and company names used in this book have been used for identificationRead MoreFinancial Management And Corporate Social Responsibility1216 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction With constant changes in the business world these days as well as the significant growth of organization, there are such key concerns on not only the issue of financial management or corporate social responsibility, but also the importance of ethics and governance, in which how an organization manages its business acting in the best interests of public and stakeholders. Indeed, there has been several of the failure of governance, fraud or bankrupt of large scale organizations in recentRead MoreBusiness Operations: Financial Issues1854 Words   |  7 Pages Business operations: Financial issues Introduction The problem to be investigated was the outcome of the ethical dilemma that occurred within the business circle leading to the violation of financial regulations and consequently eroded the confidence of shareholders on the U.S capital market. Examples of the violation of financial regulations were Enron, WorldCom and Lehman Brothers scandals that led to the collapse of the three companies. To restore the public confidence of the U.S capitalRead MoreLegal And Regulatory Environments And Ethics1712 Words   |  7 PagesRegulatory Environments and Ethics: Essential Components of a Fraud and Forensic Accounting Curriculum Forensic accounting is defined as the action of identifying, recording, settling, extracting, sorting, reporting, and verifying past financial data or other accounting activities for settling current or prospective legal disputes or using such past financial data for projecting future financial data to settle legal disputes. Forensic accountant are very important part of the business for the expert services

Bajaj Capital- Training, Recruitment and Selection Free Essays

cRECRUITMENT, PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL AND TRANING AND DEVELOPMENT IN BAJAJ CAPITAL 1) RECRUITMENT PROCESS AT BAJAJ CAPITAL FORMALITIES AFTER THE JOINING BY THE HR Reference check v Validation v Entry in the Joining Kit Tracker v Preparing the Partial Kit v Getting the kit signed v Dispatching the kit to  the corporate office STEP BY STEP RECRUITMENT PROCESS AT BAJAJ CAPITAL * Short listing of the candidate by the TM. In case of internal recruitment then they should assure that they have fulfilled the criteria. And in case of external recruitment they should follow the  process note forwarded to them by the HR  Department. We will write a custom essay sample on Bajaj Capital- Training, Recruitment and Selection or any similar topic only for you Order Now The interview needs to be conducted very properly; selection of the candidate should be done only he satisfies the criteria for that post. Proper care should be  taken while selecting a candidate. * After  the  interview  is  conducted  and  reference  check  of  thecandidate is done, the papers need to be processed to the HR  Department. When processing the papers the TM should ensure that the following documents are  there:–Interview Assessment Sheet-CV-Appointment letter of the  previous company-Salary slip of  last two months-Reference Check form On receiving the papers at HR, entry needs to be made in the documents received tracker. If all the documents are complete then the IP Code, (CV Code) needs to be allotted to it and then the papers should be forwarded to the respective HR Cluster Heads. In case any documents are pending then the candidate needs to be called for the  papers. * On receiving the complete documents, the HR needs to negot iate the salary with the candidate and close the offer. On closing the offer  the an offer mail is to be sent to the candidate stating his post, salary, date of joining and as to what documents they are to bring along with them. On the day of joining, the candidate needs to fill the joining kit and the  online  PDF  Form. The  kit  contains  information  about  the candidate i. e. their personal details, education qualification, work  experience, and other information that are required  by the firm. The online PDF Form contains general details such as name, address, identification mark, place of posting, etc. * Once through with the kit, the documents are to be collected and should see that the kit is properly filled i. e. the date of joining, place of posting, and that they have signed where required. On receiving the complete kit, the joining kit tracker needs to be updated. The tracker contains information such as the BDF No, name, address, contact details, position location of the candidate, his previous work experience, his account No, PAN No. , the date of joining and the date of dispatching the kit to the corporate office * Once the tracker is updated, the kit needs to be validated. It is done in  order  to  generate  the  SAP  Code  of  the  employee. Duringvalidation  information  such  as  the  post  Ã‚  the  location  of  the employee, SAP Code of their reporting authority and their CTC is required. After all these formalities, the partial kit is to be prepared and the kit needs to be signed by the HRM, then the kit is to be dispatched to the corporate office . Job opportunities may be identified by studying jobs and determining the knowledge and skills each one requires. Once career paths are developed and employees are identified on the career ladder, it is possible to inventory the jobs and determine where individuals with the required skills and knowledge are needed or will be needed. B eyond recruitment, organization also needs to consider the progression of employees through a series of jobs. In this way they can manage not only the immediate contribution of individuals to the organization, but the long term contribution throughout their career. In order to be successful, a career management program must receive the support of top management. The program should reflect the goals and the culture of the organization, and managerial personnel at all levels must be trained in the fundamentals of job design, performance appraisal, career planning and counseling. The objectives and opportunities of the career development program should be announced widely throughout the organization. We often think that successful people plan their careers out and then work toward their goals in a very logical, sequential manner. Although some successes are designed and implemented this way, others are created through insight, preparedness, and taking advantages of opportunities as they rise. 2) PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL Performance appraisal is the process of obtaining, analyzing and recording information about the relative worth of an employee. The focus of the performance appraisal is measuring and improving the actual performance of the employee and also the future potential of the employee. PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL IN BAJAJ CAPITAL In the Bajaj Capital the performance appraisal is called performance improvement process (PIP). THE PIP SHARED BY MBO IN BAJAJ CAPITAL MBO- Management by objective has been defined as â€Å"a process whereby the superior subordinate managers of an organization jointly identify its common goals setting for each individuals gives largely use the measures as guides for operating the unit assessing the contribution of each its members. GOAL SETTING- The goals are defined in clear, precise measurable terms. They should be challenging yet attainable. A thorough analysis of internal environment(strengths improvement area) and (opportunities threats)of the organization is made to made to set these goal. The goal is set for financial, customers, people, process etc. PERFORMANCE TARGET- On the basis of organization goal, performance for each employee may be decided on the of organizational charts job description. Every subordinate writes down his own performance goal which are work related career oriented. His manager also writes down the goal he thinks the subordinate should satire for. The employee of all levels are involved in goal setting. Action plan required to achieve the goals are also decided through consultant among an employee his superior. Joint goal setting joint goal setting joint action planning are essential elements of appraisal through MBO. PERFORMANCE REVIEW- Frequent performance review meeting between the mangers the subordinate are held Initially, monthly reviews may be used then extended to quarterly reviews. In the reviews meeting, progress is assessed, improvement area constraints are identified steps to be taken to improve performance are decided. Subordinate actively participate in the process. It leads to self control by the employee. GUIDELINES FOR CONDUCTING SIX MONTHLY YEARLY APPRAISAL REVIEW 1. Objective of review is to help improve individual performance thereby business performance. 2. Two hour workshops to be inducted each year one month before above reviews (5th 11th month of appraisal year). 3. HRD group to devote one month (each for half yearly yearly review) fully focused to complete all reviews. 4. HRD facilitator to be present during review fill up check list to help improve process in future. Initially recommended to slant for 1st 3rd 1-4th l-v level. 5. HRD facilitator to be senior in level than appraise. ) TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT:- The various training programs used in Bajaj capital that encourage people to maximize their full potential through training development programs which are tailored to suit the business needs of their partners are:- a) Basic Advanced Mutual Fund Training:- Training provides a firmer foundation of understanding for how mutual funds work and how they interact with other investments in client’s portfolio. Additionally, the des ignation adds prestige and lets their clients know they can be confident in their recommendations. ) AMFI training: – AMFI, Association of Mutual Funds in India, is an industry association, formed in 1995, for the overall growth of the mutual fund industry. It is also responsible for testing and certification of intermediaries, including individual mutual fund advisors. So as an individual, one cannot indulge in selling of mutual funds, till he or she has cleared AMFI exam and thus is certified. In other words, AMFI test is the gateway to the ever growing mutual fund industry and takes you one step closer to providing complete personal finance solutions to your clients. ) Certified Financial Planner: – A Certified Financial Planner professional takes a holistic view of financial life of an individual and provides strategic advice in regard to investment, insurance, tax, retirement and estate needs. Unlike product sellers who represent the interest of manufacturers of t hese products, a Certified Financial Planner professional works for the consumer, and does not have any particular product in mind when approaching a client. ) Registered Financial Planner: – Registered financial training is provided to empower the account holder of Bajaj Capital Advisors Network in the field of financial planning by imparting them technical knowledge with a practical approach based on Registered Financial Planner model with emphasis on case studies embedded with soft skills element. e) Soft Skills: – The Soft Skills Training programs encompass a wide range of skills that most organizations find to be integral and necessary part of everyday business. From basic communication skills to strategic management, a gamut of training programs are offered to address every business training need. f) Sales techniques: – Sales technique training is provided to increase the productivity of the sales. This training develops knowledge and use of the key selling skills that have the greatest impact on increasing sales productivity. All other sales training is incomplete without first learning these skills. g) Business Coaching: – Business coaching is a type of personal or human resource development. It provides positive support, feedback and advice to an individual or group basis to improve their personal effectiveness in the business setting. Business coaching includes executive coaching, corporate coaching and leadership coaching. h) TAX Advisory: – A tax advisor is a financial expert specially trained in tax law. Organizations usually require tax advisors to minimize taxation, to avoid learning the details of tax law in complicated financial situations themselves or to learn the details of tax law from a professional advisor. How to cite Bajaj Capital- Training, Recruitment and Selection, Essay examples

Inspirational Thoughts from 35 Writers to Improve Your Nonfiction Writing - The Writers For Hire

INSPIRATIONAL THOUGHTS FROM 35 WRITERS TO IMPROVE YOUR NONFICTION WRITING Even the most seasoned writers have days when they lack drive or just can’t seem to come up with new and fresh ideas to put on paper. During those moments when writer’s block feels like it is never-ending, it always helps to have a bit of motivational inspiration from authors who have made it big in the writing world. From poetic advice to quotes from world-famous novelists, these words of wisdom are sure to help you re-gain momentum and get out of that writing funk: 1. Maya Angelou: â€Å"There is no greater agony than bearing anuntold storyinside you.† 2. Isaac Asimov: â€Å"It is the writer who might catch the imagination of young people, and plant a seed that will flower and come to fruition.† â€Å"I write for the same reason I breathe— because if I didn’t, I would die.† 3. W.H. Auden: â€Å"Some writers confuse authenticity, which they ought to always aim at, with originality, which they should never bother about.† 4. Enid Bagnold: â€Å"Who wants to become a writer? And why? Because it’s the answer to everything. †¦ It’s the streaming reason for living. To note, to pin down, to build up, to create, to be astonished at nothing, to cherish the oddities, to let nothing go down the drain, to make something, to make a great flower out of life, even if it’s a cactus.† 5. Russell Baker: â€Å"The only thing I was fit for was to be a writer, and this notion rested solely on my suspicion that I would never be fit for real work, and that writing didn’t require any.† 6. Ray Bradbury: â€Å"Any man who keeps working is not a failure. He may not be a great writer, but if he applies the old-fashioned virtues of hard, constant labor, he’ll eventually make some kind of career for himself as writer.† â€Å"Your intuition knows what to write, so get out of the way.† â€Å"Just write every day of your life. Read intensely. Then see what happens. Most of my friends who are put on that diet have very pleasant careers.† â€Å"Let the world burn through you. Throw the prism light, white hot, on paper.† 7. David Brin: â€Å"If you have other things in your life—family, friends, good productive day work—these can interact with your writing and the sum will be all the richer.† 8. William S. Burroughs: â€Å"Cheat your landlord if you can and must, but do not try to shortchange the Muse. It cannot be done. You can’t fake quality any more than you can fake a good meal.† 9. Joseph Conrad: â€Å"A writer without interest or sympathy for the foibles of his fellow man is not conceivable as a writer.† â€Å"Only in men’s imagination does every truth find an effective and undeniable existence. Imagination, not invention, is the supreme master of art as of life.† 10. Anton Chekhov â€Å"My own experience is that once a story has been written, one has to cross out the beginning and the end. It is there that we authors do most of our lying.† â€Å"Don’t tell me the moon is shining: show me the glint of the light on broken glass.† 11. C.J. Cherryh: â€Å"It is perfectly okay to write garbage—as long as you edit brilliantly.† 12. Harlan Ellison: â€Å"People on the outside think there’s something magical about writing, that you go up in the attic at midnight and cast the bones and come down in the morning with a story, but it isn’t like that. You sit in back of the typewriter and you work, and that’s all there is to it.† 13. F. Scott Fitzgerald: â€Å"All good writing is swimming under water and holding your breath.† 14. William Faulkner: â€Å"Get it down. Take chances. It may be bad, but it’s the only way you can do anything really good.† â€Å"The work never matches the dream of perfection the artist has to start with.† â€Å"If I had not existed, someone else would have written me, Hemingway, Dostoyevsky, all of us.† 15. Ernest Hemingway: â€Å"It’s none of their business that you have to learn to write. Let them think you were born that way.† â€Å"We are all apprentices in a craft where no one ever becomes a master.† â€Å"When writing a novel a writer should create living people; people, not characters. A character is a caricature.† 16. Erica Jong: â€Å"I went for years not finishing anything. Because, of course, when you finish something you can be judged.† 17. Stephen King: â€Å"Description begins in the writer’s imagination, but should finish in the reader’s.† â€Å"If you don’t have time to read, you don’t have the time (or the tools) to write. Simple as that.† â€Å"Any word you have to hunt for in a thesaurus is the wrong word. There are no exceptions to this rule.† â€Å"Writing isn’t about making money, getting famous, getting dates, getting laid, or making friends. In the end, it’s about enriching the lives of those who will read your work, and enriching your own lie, as well. It’s about getting up, getting well, and getting over. Getting happy, okay? Getting happy.† â€Å"Making people believe the unbelievable is no trick; it’swork. †¦ Belief and reader absorption come in the details: An overturned tricycle in the gutter of an abandoned neighborhood can stand for everything.† 18. Barbara Kingsolver: â€Å"Don’t try to figure out what other people want to hear from you; figure out what you have to say. It’s the one and only thing you have to offer.† 19. Louis L’Amour: â€Å"Start writing, no matter what. The water does not flow until the faucet is turned on.† 20. Harper Lee: â€Å"I would advise anyone who aspires to a writing career that before developing his talent he would be wise to develop a thick hide.† 21. Anne McCaffrey â€Å"Tell the readers a story! Because without a story, you are merely using words to prove you can string them together in logical sentences.† 22. Somerset Maugham â€Å"If you can tell stories, create characters, devise incidents, and have sincerity and passion, it doesn’t matter a damn how you write.† â€Å"All the words I use in my stories can be found in the dictionary—it’s just a matter of arranging them into the right sentences.† 23. Herman Melville â€Å"To produce a mighty book, you must choose a mighty theme.† 24. Larry Niven: â€Å"You learn by writing short stories. Keep writing short stories. The money’s in novels, but writing short stories keeps your writing lean and pointed.† 25. George Orwell: â€Å"When I sit down to write a book, I do not say to myself, ‘I am going to produce a work of art.’ I write it because there is some lie that I want to expose, some fact to which I want to draw attention, and my initial concern is to get a hearing.† 26. Sylvia Plath: â€Å"Some things are hard to write about. After something happens to you, you go to write it down, and either you over dramatize it, or underplay it, exaggerate the wrong parts or ignore the important ones. At any rate, you never write it quite the way you want to.† 27. Ayn Rand â€Å"Words are a lens to focus one’s mind.† 28. Edgar Rice Burroughs â€Å"I have been successful probably because I have always realized that I knew nothing about writing and have merely tried to tell an interesting story entertainingly.† â€Å"If you write one story, it may be bad; if you write a hundred, you have the odds in your favor.† 29. Mark Twain â€Å"Most writers regard truth as their most valuable possession, and therefor are most economical in its use.† â€Å"Focus more on your desire than on your doubt, and the dream will take care of itself.† â€Å"Substitute ‘damn’ every time you’re inclined to write ‘very;’ your editor will delete it and the writing will be just as it should be.† â€Å"The difference between the almost right word and the right word is †¦ the difference between the lightning bug and the lightning.† 30. Alan W. Watts: â€Å"Stop aspiring and start writing. If you’re writing, you’re a writer. Write like you’re a goddamn death row inmate and the governor is out of the country and there’s not chance for a pardon. Write like you’re clinging to the edge of a cliff, white knuckles, on your last breath, and you’ve just got one last thing to say, like you’re a bird flying over us and you can see everything, and please, for God’s sake, tell us something that will save us from ourselves.† 31. Walt Whitman: â€Å"A writer can do nothing for men more necessary, satisfying, than just simply to reveal to them the infinite possibilities of their own souls.† 32. E.B. Wight: â€Å"No one can write decently who is distrustful of the reader’s intelligence or whose attitude is patronizing.† 33. Richard Wright: â€Å"The more closely the author thinks of why he wrote, the more he comes to regard his imagination as a kind of self-generating cement which glued his facts together, and his emotions as a kind of dark and obscure designer of those facts. Reluctantly, he comes to the conclusion that to account for his book is to account for his life.† 34. Jane Yolen: â€Å"Exercise the writing muscle every day, even if it is only a letter, notes, a title list, a character sketch, a journal entry. Writers are like dancers, like athletes. Without that exercise, the muscles seize up.† 35. William Zinsser: â€Å"I almost always urge people to write in the first person. †¦ Writing is an act of ego and you might as well admit it.† â€Å"To defend what you’ve written is a sign that you are alive.†

Ancient and Prehistoric Medicine

Ancient and Prehistoric Medicine Free Online Research Papers It is difficult to imagine anything other than modern medical treatments. Medicine today is so advanced. Researches are finding new and better things for every kind of illness known. The study and practice of medicine seems like a modern day fixation. The truth is that for thousands of years humans have become ill and for the same amount of time people have tried to cure them. If you had to be ill in ancient times, one of the best places to do so would be in Egypt. The Egyptians were advanced medical practitioners of there time. They were masters of human anatomy and healing mostly due to the extensive mummification ceremonies which also led them to have a basic knowledge of organ functions within the human body. The Egyptians believed that most illnesses, other than the ones caused by an obvious accident, were mysterious. The Egyptians explained them as the work of the gods, caused by the presence of evil spirits or their poisons, and cleansing the body was the way to rid the body of their influence. Incantations, prayers to the gods – above all to Sekhmet the goddess of healing, curses, and threats, often accompanied by the injection of nasty smelling and tasting medicines into the various bodily orifices, were hoped to prove effective. (Nefertiti) There was not the separation of Physician, Priest, and Magician in Egypt. Some of the preventive measures included prayers and various kinds of magic, and even the wearing of amulets. An example of this could be the Egyptians cure for cataracts. In order to cure cataracts the Egyptians believed you had to: mix brain-of-tortoise with honey. Place on the eye and say: There is shouting in the southern sky in darkness, There is an uproar in the northern sky, The Hall of Pillars falls into the waters. The crew of the sun god bent their oars so that the heads at his side fall into the water, Who leads hither what he finds? I lead forth what I find. I lead forth your heads. I lift up your necks. I fasten what has been cut from you in its place. I led you forth to drive away the god of Fevers and all possible deadly arts. (Brier) The Egyptian priest-physician had a number of important functions. They first had to discover the nature of the particular entity that possessed the person and then drive it out or destroy it. This was done through some sort of powerful magic or sometimes wearing a certain amulet. â€Å"Though Egyptian medical practices by no means could rival that of the present day physicians, Egyptian healers engaged in surgery, prescriptive, and many other healing practices still found today† (Brier). The Egyptians used many types of plants, animals, and mineral compounds for curatives. The use of these compounds led to curative recipes, some even available today. â€Å"The prescription for a healthy life, which was almost always given by a member of the priestly caste meant that an individual undertook the stringent and regular purification rituals, which included: much bathing, and often times shaving one’s head and body hair, and maintaining their dietary restrictions against ra w fish and other animals considered unclean to eat† (Crystalinks A). Egyptians are credited as being the first to use and record advanced medical practices. The Egyptians recorded some of there techniques on papyri. Some of the most famous are: the Edwin Smith Papyri, the Ebers Papyrus, Kahun Papyrus, Berlin Papyrus, London Papyrus, and Hearst Papyrus. The treatments of the text are often organized into groups. For instance, the Edwin Smith Papyrus begins with eight texts concerning head wounds, followed by nineteen treatments of wounds to the face, six descriptions of how to deal with injuries to the throat and neck, five dealing with collar-bones and arms, and seven with chest complaints. Surgery was believed to come to the Egyptians through the care of traumatic wounds and autopsy. The use of autopsy is believed to come from the long and extensive embalming and funerary practices. Surgery was considerably advanced when considering the technology available to the Egyptians. â€Å"The Edwin Smith Papyrus deals extensively with the setting of bones, traumatic injury such as dislocation of the jaw, arm or shoulders, bruises, various fractures which include those of the limbs, ribs, nose, and skull† (Showcase). The Egyptians were also very mindful that they could not treat every injury or disease that they faced. If such a case was to happen then usually they would write, â€Å"An affliction for which nothing can be done†. An Egyptian medical kit consisted of: knives, drill, saw, forceps or pincers, censer, hooks, bags tied with string, beaked vessel, vase with burning incense, Horus eyes, scales, pot with flowers, shears, and spoons. The Egyptians often would heat the blades of their knives before cutting so that the knife would cut as well as seal the blood vessels. Prostheses were generally of a cosmetic character or added as a preparation for the afterlife. There were mummies found with artificial arms, artificial forearms, artificial toes, artificial feet, and some even had an artificial penis. Even things like a glass eye has been found, which was more likely used to fill an empty eye socket of a mummy rather than used by a living person. â€Å"Physicians performed other cosme tics as well. Apart from prescribing lotions, salves and unguents for skin care, they also produced remedies against the loss of hair and graying, which was combated by an ointment made with blood from the horn of a black bull. Hair loss was hoped to be stopped by a mixture of honey and fats from crocodiles, lions, hippos, cats, snakes, and ibex† (Nefertiti). The Egyptians diet was consisted of much abrasive materials which caused them to have teeth which were in a very poor state. Destruction of the enamel caused some to lose teeth at an early age and even sometimes was the cause of death. â€Å" Mutnodjmed, pharaoh Horemheb’s second wife and sister of Nefertiti, had lost all her teeth when she died in her forties. Djedmaatesankh, a Theban musician who lived around 850 BCE suffered from thirteen abscesses, extensive dental disease and a huge infected cyst, which probably killed her, aged thirty-five† (Nefertiti). People that were of more stature in society were more likely to have caries as opposed to the people that were of less stature. A person of the people was limited to what they could eat and thanks to the lack of sugar in their diet were more likely to have a clean slate of teeth. The Egyptians referred to caries as â€Å"a worm gnawing a tooth†. They sometimes treated the tooth with fillings made of resin and chrysocolla. â€Å"Swollen gums were treated with a concoction of cumin, incense and onion. Opium, the toxicity of which was well known, might be given against severe pain. At times holes were drilled into the jawbone in order to drain abscesses. But extraction of teeth, which might have saved the lives of many patients, was rarely if ever practiced† (Nefertiti). They also would sometimes use gold wire as a means to bind a loose tooth to a neighboring tooth that was sound. Fertility was important to Egyptians and they had many tests listed in the Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus. There was an existence of need of planning pregnancies also. Some Egyptian women would soak cotton in a paste of dates and acacia bark which was a spermicidal effect. They also devised the first known pregnancy test: Means for a knowing if a woman will give birth: Put some barley and some wheat into two bags of clot which the woman will moisten with her urine every day, equally barley and grain in the two bags. If both the barley and the wheat sprout she will give birth. If only the barley germinates it will be a boy, if it is the wheat which alone germinates it will be a girl. If neither germinates she will not give birth. (Nefertiti) Some of the upper-class women would give birth in birth houses. The houses were attached to temples that had pictures of Hather, the goddess of healing, and Bes, the god of pregnant women. In one temple there is a picture of a pregnant woman sitting in a birthing chair, in which the baby would drop through a hole in the seat and was caught by a midwife. â€Å"Birth itself was dangerous both to the mother and the baby. Infant mortality was high, probably around thirty percent, and complications and childbed fever killed many women† (Nefertiti). So one must admire the ingenuity of the Egyptians, which undoubtedly has its place within human medical history. â€Å"Although many of the treatments used had a little or no value from our modern vantage point, Egyptian medicine had a well deserved reputation throughout the Ancient World, with, for instance, Hippocrates and Galen acknowledging that part of their information came from Egyptian works which they had studied at the temple of Imhotep at Memphis† (Crystalinks A). Ancient Greece was much different from the Greece of today. In Ancient Times Greece was a collection of City States. Although each was independent from the others they all still shared a similar culture and religious beliefs. By 1200 B.C., Ancient Greece was developing in all areas: trade, farming, warfare, sailing, craftsmanship etc. Their knowledge of medicine developed accordingly. Greek Medicine, like the Egyptians, was advanced for its time. The early works of people like Hippocrates, Aristotle, and Alcaemon and many others show an advanced knowledge of physiology, surgical, and medicinal practices. Greek ideas influenced ideas in the Western medicine for times to come. The Greeks had an influence in the progress and changes in ideas on cures and diseases, and also influenced the attitudes towards doctors and healthy living and even medicine in general. According to mythology, the Greek god Ascelpius was a trained doctor. Along with his daughters Hygieia and Panacea, he was worshipped in a type of healing temple called asclepeia. Asclepeias was: built for those in poor health. These were like temples and here people came to bathe, sleep and meditate. The poor were also allowed to beg for money in these buildings. Those who went to asclepeias were expected to leave offerings to Asclepios. The asclepeias were run by priests. Patients to asclepeias were encouraged to sleep as it was believed that during sleep they would be visited by Asclepios and his two daughters, Panacea and Hygeia. A visit by these three was expected to cure all ailments. Those who were not cured could stay at the asclepeia where they were. (Trueman) There have been some written accounts of those who have supposedly been cured; â€Å"Hermodicus of Lampsacus was paralyzed in the body. When he slept in the temple the god healed him and ordered him to bring to the temple as large a stone as he could. The man brought the stone which now lies before the abaton where people slept† (Trueman). Such admiration for doctors and healing was not restricted to the gods. â€Å"Many people believe Greece was the home of the first Western medical science, when doctors stopped relying on superstition and diving cures, and replaced them with rational curiosity about the causes of illness† (Wikipedia). The ancient Greeks also greatly admired Ancient Egyptian medicine as well. The Greeks had respect for Egyptian medicine and imported some of the Egyptian substances into their own pharmacopoeia. The Greeks had an extensive knowledge of herbs and were aware of many herbal properties. They did perform scientific observations, but did not perform scientific experiments. Some of the herbs used by the Ancient Greeks were: anise, black hellebore, cassia, root of cucumber, cumin, root of cyclamen, frankincense, germander, honey, wild lettuce, myrrh, olive oil, opium poppy, parsnip, and seseli. â€Å"The first known medical school opened in Cnido in 700 BC. Alcmaeon, author of the firs t anatomical work, worked at the school, and it was here that the practice of observing patients was established† (Wikipedia). Although births that were depicted in art mostly involved men; in most cases of childbirth in Ancient Greece a woman was the deliverer. Midwifes became popular when women were no longer able to become doctors. The majority of the deliveries were taken care by the lady of the house and her servants. Women did use an obstetric chair for the process. Two women would hold the mother in the chair while a third kneeled in front to receive the baby. The equipment that a midwife normally must have for labor were: olive oil (clean, not previously used in cooking), warm water, warm fomentations (ointments applied to the body), soft sea sponges, pieces of wool, bandages (to swaddle the infant), things to smell (pennyroyal, dirt, barley groats, apples, quinces, lemons, melons, cucumbers; these were used as people today use spirits of ammonia to revive someone who has fainted), a midwife’s stool or chair (this was the property of the midwife; she brought it with her to the home where the delivery was to take place), two beds (a hard one for use during labor and a soft one for rest after delivery), and a proper room (of medium size and moderate temperature). (French) At the onset of labor all this equipment was made ready and the midwife summoned. In order to ease labor pains, the midwife would give a gentle massage with a cloth soaked in warm olive oil laid over abdomen and genital area. Once the cervix began to dilate, the midwife would gently rub the opening with her left forefinger that is smeared with olive oil in order to encourage the process of dilation. After the cervix is dilated to the size of an egg the patient is moved to the midwife’s stool. The baby would safely be delivered and then the midwife would carefully inspect it for any congenital deformities. The midwife would make the initial recommendation about whether the newborn was healthy and fit. In order for the midwife to make this decision the baby would engage in several tests. â€Å"First, when placed on the ground, it should cry lustily; babies that do not cry, or cry only weakly, are suspect. Second, its body should be normal; the openings for the nose, ears, ureth ra, and anus should be clear; its arms and legs should bend and stretch readily. Finally, by pressing her fingers against the skin of the newborn, the midwife should be able to elicit a reaction, indicating that the infant is sensitive to such sensations† (French). Not all congenital defects were regarded as unfit. The midwife would make a determination about the infant’s survival and likely recommend that any infant with a severe congenital problem would be left outside to die. Perhaps one of the most important Ancient Greeks when dealing with medicine is Hippocrates. He lived 400 years before the birth of Christ and is known as the father of medicine because of the many things he discovered is still practiced today. Hippocrates stated that: Medicine is not philosophy, and therefore must be practiced on a case-by-case basis rather than from first principles. In The Sacred Disease, he stated that epilepsy (and disease in general) does not have divine causes. He advocated clinical observations, diagnosis, and prognosis, and argued that specific diseases come from specific causes. Hippocratess methodology relied on physical examination of the patient and proceeded in what was, for the most part, a highly rational deductive framework of understanding through observation. (Jouanna) He told his students to carefully observe their patients and learn from the things that they observed. He said that the human body could heal itself and could return itself back to good health. Some more things Hippocrates said would be things such as telling his patients to eat in moderation. A moderate amount of exercise was recommended. Doctors were told to make sure that when they treated patients their hands were clean. He said that the operating rooms should be well lit and seem cheerful. He believed that patients in good spirits would heal faster. He encouraged his physicians to be men of honor that worked as hard as possible for the good of sick. The Hippocratic Oath was named after him. The existence of the Hippocratic Oath implies: That this Hippocratic medicine was practiced by a group of professional physicians bound (at least among themselves) by a strict ethical code. Aspiring students normally paid a fee for training (a provision is made for exceptions) and entered into a virtual family relationship with his teacher. This training included some oral instruction and probably hands-on experience as the teachers assistant, since the Oath assumes that the student will be interacting with patients. The Oath also places limits on what the physician may or may not do (To please no one will I prescribe a deadly drug) and intriguingly hints at the existence of another class of professional specialists, perhaps akin to surgeons (I will leave this operation to be performed by practitioners, specialists in this art). (Wikipedia) The Hippocratic knowledge was widely distributed, highly influential, and marked as the rise of rationality in both medicine and the physical sciences. The Ancient Greeks themselves did not have a concept of germ theory; rather their view of human physiology was predominated by the ideas of essentialism. Essentialism was the belief that every living organism alive contained certain mixtures of the four elements. The Hippocratics and many other Greeks also believed in the theory of the four humours. This theory had its roots in the belief in four elements which, Empedocles argued, made up everything in the world: earth, air, fire, and water with their associated qualities of dryness, coldness, heat, and wetness respectively. These, in turn, were linked to the four seasons; dry autumn, cold winter, hot summer, and wet spring (it followed that you were more likely to suffer from a particular humour in the corresponding season). Among other corollaries, this theory meant that for some diseases, remedies to purge excess humours, such as bloodletting or vomiting, seemed advisable. (Wikipedia) These ideas influenced Western medicine for over 1500 years. As the exact relationship between the illness and humours, beliefs were varied. â€Å"The Hippocratics taught that an imbalance of the humours, or dyscrasia, was symptomatic of an illness. Aristotle (384-322BC), however, suggested that it was the cause of illness. It was believed that one could only be in perfect health when the humours were in balance, known as crasis or eucrasia. The natural tendency towards balance, or recovery, was called pepsis or coction† (Wikipedia). There was a major impact on Greek medical ideas and practices when Alexander the Great founded Alexandria, Egypt in 332 B.C. It was here that the Library of Alexandria was soon established, and its collections of important scientific and philosophical texts became famous throughout the Hellenistic world. â€Å"Alexandria was also the only city in Ancient Greece where dissection and maybe even vivisection of criminals sentenced to death was legal, which meant that doctors could gain a far more detailed knowledge of the workings of the human anatomy† (Wikipedia). Early Romans had a religious, yet fundamental understanding of medicine. â€Å"Deriving knowledge from the Medical Treaties and Methods of the Greeks, the Etruscans, the Egyptians, the Persians and other conquered peoples, the Romans came up with one of the best and most sophisticated Medical Systems of the Ancient World. The science of medicine and the human body was evolving† (Crystalinks B). The Romans started by learning what the Greeks thought about medicine, and in fact most Roman doctors were from Greece, or of Greek origin. Like the Greeks the Romans believed in the four humours. One of Rome’s most important doctors was Galen. He lived in the 100’s and wrote a book about medicine. Galen repeated a lot of Hippocrates’ work on the four humours, but also added a lot of observations about how the human body worked, which he learned from looking at the insides of human bodies. He saw the insides of people by looking at wounded soldiers and gladiators, and he cut open a lot of animals to see how they worked. Galen certainly knew more about anatomy than Hippocrates did. Galen understood that the blood was pushed around the body be the heart, for instance. And he knew that nerves controlled the movement of the body, and that people thought with their brains. He did not make any real advances in treating people. He still thought that blood-letting was a good idea. (Jungman) Ancient Roman medicine was a combination of physical techniques using various tools and holistic medicine using rituals and religious beliefs. The Ancient Romans, like the Ancient Egyptians, believed that diseases were brought on by the disfavor of the gods. They believed that superstition, rituals, and spells would rid them of the disease. Religious cures were rare, but magical treatments were common. â€Å"The practice of reading livers was common in the Roman world. After an animal was sacrificed its liver was examined by a priest who would interpret the liver. Looking at the liver, the priest would reveal good or bad omens from it. It was thought that the gods responses were communicated through the liver and other internal organs of sacrificed animal† (Crystalinks B). Ancient Romans had hospitals that were originally built for the military. Soon the influence of superstitious quackery begin to die and Ancient Roman medicine begin to take on a more practical and logical ap proach. It was still a trial and error, patient by patient thing, but the medics were more observant and carefully noted down anything that worked or was effective. The knowledge from the notes could be passed on and could be used by the next doctor. The Ancient Romans were led to significant medical innovations after the fifteen-year civil war that began after the assassination of Julius Caesar. This war was fought by the best armies of the world that resulted in so many injuries that the new emperor, Augustus, formed a professional military medical corps. Before this event doctors had a very low status in society. Augustus, realizing that they were the key in an empire and especially an army gave all physicians that joined his new army medical corps dignified titles, land grants, and special retirement benefits. For the next five hundred years, fueled by the motivations and opportunity for medical advancement supplied by the many battles, and supported by the powers that be, this serious group advanced the study and practice of medicine to a level not seen again until late in the nineteenth century. (Crystalinks B) After Emperor Augustus formed the first Roman Medical Corps and gave land grants, dignified titles out, and special retirement gifts to the doctors, the profession changed from being low in society to being a respectable occupation. They increased their success rates in treatments by making the medical professionals train at the Army Medical School and could not practice until they passed. Like the modern medical practice, Ancient Roman medicine was split among different specialties, such as internists, ophthalmologists, and urologists; so all the surgical tasks would be performed by the specialist of the injury. Some of the same tools the surgeons would use are the same ones that doctors used only just 100 years ago. Some of the tools in an Ancient Roman tool kit would include: forceps, scalpels, catheters, and even arrow-extractors. The Ancient Romans had a large variety of painkillers and sedatives to help in surgery, including extracts of opium poppies which is morphine, and extracts of henbane seeds which is scopolamine. â€Å"There is little doubt that the many folk remedies used throughout the Roman Empire were tested in battle by Roman physicians on wounded and ailing soldiers, who sifted through and found the treatments and methods with the most useful effects. Further, the bureaucracy of Rome ensured that the treatments were recorded and taught in medical school† (Crystalinks B). Although the Romans never really understood how germs were related to disease, they used many of the techniques that killed germs. Some examples of this would be before the Romans used a tool on a patient they would boil it; and they would not ever reuse the same tool on another patient until they reboiled it. The Romans also washed wounds with acetum which was a great antiseptic. The fact that arteries and veins carry blood was common knowledge to the Ancient Romans. â€Å"All surgeons knew how to use tourniquets, arterial clamps, and ligatures to stem blood flow. They also used amputation to prevent gangrene† (Crystalinks B). Not only did they have knowledge of all this, but the Roman war doctors also learned how to prevent many battlefield epidemics. They would do so by placing their forts away from insect infested swamps and they also installed drains and sewers to transport the sewage away from the men. The Ancient Romans would build sophisticated permanent hospitals that had heating and good ventilation to help the patients; the also had certain rooms for certain tasks and separated patients from others in order to prevent the spreading of disease. In the case of the Roman army it is clear that it was the wartime doctors that created most of the innovations because they were organized, they were distributed throughout the Empire, they were careful about capturing and spreading any new information or technique that worked, and they were highly motivated by the great loss of life suffered by their soldiers during the many battles. (Crystalinks B) The Romans obtained some of the most important techniques that our modern civilization uses today. Ancient people sometimes called upon supernatural spirits to heal their sick while modern medicine relies on science. DNA and research has replaced spirits. The history of medicine shows how ideas have developed over the centuries. Medieval barbers were the fore-runners of todays skilled surgeons. Todays medicine has evolved over thousands of years as each generation built on the knowledge of earlier times. This will continue to happen. Our understanding of the human genome will lead to fresh treatments and new discoveries may open the door to unimagined advances in medicine. The Ancient people may have had a very broad understanding of medicine, but they set the pathways to today’s knowledge. Research Papers on Ancient and Prehistoric MedicineCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Genetic EngineeringThe Spring and AutumnQuebec and CanadaBringing Democracy to AfricaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayWhere Wild and West MeetThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use

Get a Certified Copy of Your Birth Certificate

Get a Certified Copy of Your Birth Certificate A certified copy of an original birth certificate is becoming increasingly important as a required form of identification. A certified birth certificate copy is required for getting a US passport and when applying for Social Security benefits. It is also  considered valid proof of US citizenship by federal, state and local government agencies. A birth certificate may be required when applying for some jobs and may, in the future, be required when getting or renewing a drivers license. Best to Get a 'Certified' Copy of Your Birth Certificate In most cases, a simple photocopy of your original birth certificate will not be considered as a sufficient form of identification. Instead, you will be required to have a certified copy of your birth certificate issued by the state in which your birth was recorded.   A certified copy of a birth certificate has an official state registrars raised, embossed, impressed or multicolored seal, registrars signature, and the date the certificate was filed with the registrars office, which must be within one year of the persons date of birth. NOTE: A certified  copy of the applicant’s birth certificate is required when applying for the Transportation Safety Administration’s (TSA) popular  PreCheck  program, which allows members to pass through the security lines at more than 180 airports without needing to remove their shoes, laptops, liquids, belts, and light jackets. The importance of having a certified copy of your birth certificate should never be understated. Indeed, in the United States, it is considered the Holy Grail of proof of identity. Certified copies of birth certificates are one of the four vital records (birth, death, marriage, and divorce) that can be used to prove U.S. citizenship. How to Get a Certified Birth Certificate The federal government does not provide copies of birth certificates, marriage licenses, divorce decrees, death certificates, or any other personal vital records. Copies of birth certificates and other personal vital records can only be obtained from the state or US possession where the documents were originally filed. Most states provide a centralized source from which birth certificates and other vital records can be ordered. Each state and US possession  will have its own set of rules and fees for ordering certified birth certificates on other vital records. Rules, ordering instructions and fees for all 50 states, the District of Columbia and all US possessions can be found on the Where to Write for Vital Records web page, helpfully maintained by the US Centers for Disease Control. Do Not Order the 'Abstract' Version When ordering, be aware that shortened (abstract) versions of birth certificates offered by some states may not be acceptable when applying for a US passport, drivers license, Social Security benefits or many other purposes. Be sure to order only the full, certified copy of the original birth certificate bearing the registrars raised, embossed, impressed or multicolored seal, registrars signature, and the date the certificate was filed with the registrars office. If You Need to Replace Your Original Birth Certificate In some cases, you may need to replace your original birth certificate. Find the website of the vital records office in the state where you were born and follow their walk in, write in, or online application instructions. You will probably need a state-issued form of photo ID, like driver’s license. If you don’t have a state-issued photo ID, call and see what options may be available. One solution some states offer is to have your mother or father whose name is on the birth certificate submit a notarized letter with a copy of their photo ID for the request.

Ethic management Discussion Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethic management Discussion Question - Essay Example Deciding whose life to trade in exchange for who's is inherently an unethical decision to make. It requires placing a higher value on certain lives and lower value on others based on immutable characteristics of those individuals, such as age, gender and station in life. If acting ethically essentially means doing the right thing, there is really no right choice to make in the nuclear fallout shelter exercise. The best one can hope to do in this exercise is to make a utilitarian decision based on who is most likely to live the greatest number of years with greatest quality of life. Yet that basis for a determination is itself unethical because a human life with only a year remaining is arguably no less valuable than one that has just begun. Thus, the exercise presents a true ethical dilemma. Nevertheless, if forced to make a utilitarian determination of who should be allowed into the fallout shelter, a decision in favor of the pregnant college student and the female child seems to be a no-brainer. The pregnant college student gives you a two-for-one benefit, essentially allowing the decision maker to save five people rather than just four. And the child is the only child among the candidates.

China Miville Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

China Miville - Essay Example Interrelations on all these aspects will enable us gain a new notion and perspective on various issues altogether. Human self-deception highly depends on one’s familiarity with something or someone.On the other hand, knowledge orients on aspects like education, experience, skills, descriptions, information and facts. Nonetheless, knowledge can either become explicit or implicit, systematic or less formal, while in other instances it may refer to the practical or theoretical understanding of a subject. To many, knowledge is merely the phenomenon behind belief in amalgamation with facts. Such kinds of interrelations within the idea behind knowledge raise unending controversies on facets orienting around a fact or a belief. The acquisition of knowledge depends on a complex learning process that depends on our memory, attention, learning, reasoning, decision making, problem solving and understanding of language. In learning, one has to admit that they do not know or they lack idea s about particular aspects. Knowing is the main facade behind knowledge but there arises four facets from knowing that include; known knowns, known unknowns, unknown unknowns and unknown knowns. The known knowns fall under the things that we know that we know, there again exits the known unknowns which fall under the things that we know but are unknown; we do not know them but we understand how to find them. The third aspect is the unknown unknowns which fall under the things that we are unaware about. The unknown unknowns remain a mystery to us as they fall under a very vast field beyond our investigation. On the other hand, unknown knowns are ideas that we do not know that we know. This phenomenon leads to the knowledge that does not know itself, it’s more like a dream; the unspeakable desires that we never talk about. These are the obvious things that we do in life that we pay little or no attention to in the perspective of relevance. Relevance determines the solution to p roblems through identifying relevant elements that lead to the development of anelucidation. This is in the same perspective as the notion behind method since they will always lead to results that they are designed to develop or generate. On the other hand, prejudice is the decision making prior to the availability of relevant facts in a case. The phenomenon refers to any negative or positive evaluation on other people based on ideas like nationality, language, ethnicity, sexuality, religion, disability, age, social class and gender among other personal traits.As a result prejudice leads to unreasonable attitudes that remain resistant to rational influence leading to unfavorable or favorable feelings towards a thing or person based on actual experience. Ideologies lead to the raising of prejudices from unknown knowns while challenge leads to overturning all the aspects taken for granted by human beings. Take for instance in schools, it is a major belief that particular subjects are well performed by particular genders. Incorporating the same idea leads to the same result unless one decides to challenge the latter idea. Most of the things around our lives are taken for granted just for our lives to become the way they are as per our invisibilities. These invisibilities are based on common sense as the prudent and sound judgment which relies on simple

Jim Abbott :: essays research papers

Jim Abbott It is a clear summer night at Fenway Park in Boston. The Boston Red Sox and the California Angels are in a hot pennant race. The Boston Red Sox are the best hitting team in the American League. The Angels need a win and are counting on their rookie pitcher. The old green stadium is overflowing with die-hard Red Sox fans as the rookie takes the mound. He has to concentrate on tonight's game and ignore the crowd. The game advanced with no trouble for the rookie. In the end, he gave up four harmless hits and, most importantly, no runs. When he got the final man out, giving his team a 4-0 victory, he starts to walk off the mound. All over Fenway Park, not only Angel fans, but Red Sox fans stood and applauded, cheering the rookie off the field. Everyone knew that they had seen someone very special. This person was Jim Abbott. Jim Abbott has led an eventfully life. He brought his college team to the championship in 1985, brought Team USA to gold in 1988, and threw a no hitter against the Cleveland Indians in 1993. These achievements are not what make him so special; what makes Jim Abbott even more remarkable is that he only has one hand. As a child Jim's parents always told him that he could do anything he wanted to do. They knew that their son loved sports. They hoped that Jim would play soccer, which didn't require the use of hands, but right from the very beginning, Jim loved baseball. So, Jim's parents bought him a baseball glove. However, Jim was not just involved in baseball. He was the top scorer in his school's intramural basketball league, and played two years of varsity football. Jim's various athletic exploits resulted in press attention. When Jim got to college, he picked up right where he had left off in high school. His two main goals were to get an education and to become the best possible pitcher he could be. At this point, his fastball was close to ninety miles per hour. Jim to worked hard on a straight change-up and a better curveball. In the fall of 1987, Jim Abbott was given the United States Baseball Federation's coveted Golden Spikes Award. This award is given yearly to the best amateur baseball player in the country. That wasn't his only award. He also received the Academy Award for Sports Award for Courage in 1987 and was chosen as the March of Dimes Amateur Athlete of the

Case on TQM Essay

ABSTRACT: Using case study methodology, the authors asked quality managers about their company’s experience with ISO 9000:1994 and total quality management (TQM) implementation. The results show that initially the standard could help some companies reorganize their procedures and define responsibilities and duties. However, managers’ perspectives on its possible effect on company performance are not positive. Only product quality improves after implementation. On the contrary, TQM has improved many aspects of performance, the most influential aspects being those â€Å"soft† dimensions of leadership and human resource management. These aspects were not included in ISO 9000:1994. After analyzing ISO 9000 as a first step toward the TQM implementation, as much of the literature advises, the authors’ findings suggest that managers consider it to be a disturbing element when implemented jointly with TQM. Their study points out that, in practice, there are two parallel quality systems in a company. To get better results, it is important to adapt ISO requirements to facilitate TQM implementation; otherwise, the only advantage of the registration is the â€Å"permission† to selling the market. INTRODUCTION: Over the last decade, ISO 9000 certification has been the subject of many articles. The phenomenon of its quick development led to a belief that it was a great advantage for a company to attain registration. In keeping with this, many researchers tried to identify the impact of ISO 9000 certification on companies’ results and management. An important group of researchers has not found any strong positive relationship between certification and results. However, there is another group of articles that points out an influence of registration on product quality. Apart from any influence derived from implementation, some authors advocated that certification could be a good first step toward a total quality management (TQM) system, raising awareness of quality among workers and a good climate in which to implement it. Regarding this point, implementation of the standard was advised with the aim of implementing TQM in order to obtain maximum benefits from the registration (Brecka, 1994; Meegan and Taylor 1997; Huarng, Horng, and Chen 1999; Hughes, Williams, and Ryall 2000; Sun 2000; Gotzamani and Tsiotras 2002). The question is: Do companies really implement ISO certification with this aim? Is the accepted wisdom that ISO certification could â€Å"help† companies attain a TQM system true? Which aspects of ISO do that? The purpose of this research is to empirically evaluate the real contribution of ISO 9000 toward TQM implementation. METHODOLOGY: Case study methodology is best when the objective is to build theory in preliminary phases of a research study or to add new perspectives to previous research (Yin 1994). Part of this research can be considered as preliminary, because there is still little evidence on how the ISO 9000 and TQM act jointly in management. The objective of the case study is not the statistical generalization, but the analytical one. This methodology tries to generalize from case to theory; it does not attempt to extrapolate facts from sample to population. Relating to the number of cases, the lower number will allow the researcher to obtain more information (Voss, Tsikriktsis, and Frohlich 2002). However, a multiple case study increases reliability and external validity. †¢ Predict similar results (literal replication) †¢ Get different results due to predictable reasons The authors chose a multiple case study instead of a single one to increase external validity and reliability. Fourteen companies among the biggest manufacturing companies in Spain were selected for the study. The cases were selected with the condition of being certified at least by the ISO 9000:1994. Three of them were applying TQM and two were recently certified by the new version of ISO 9000:2000. The case study protocol included two questionnaires in order to apply triangulation. One of them was used in the interview with the quality manager. The other questionnaire was to be completed by other managers not associated with the quality area. The authors took into consideration other documents supplied by the company and direct observation through plant visits. Table 1 shows the companies participating in the study and their characteristics. Later in this article, the authors assign a number for each company in order to safeguard confidentiality of responses. The criteria used to select companies were mainly: †¢ Homogeneity of external factors: The authors focused on manufacturing companies since ISO 9000 was initially designed for industrial companies. RESULTS: Effects of TQM on Company Performance: First the authors classified companies according to the degree of implementation of a total quality system. They identified three companies with high levels and experience in TQM the remaining companies had a low degree of TQM implementation. This classification was based on information about TQM dimensions such as customer orientation, work teams for continual improvement, consciousness about quality, quality planning, and so on. Managers of the three TQM companies were asked about the perceived performance improvements as a result of TQM implementation. The three managers agreed that TQM implementation had benefited the company in many ways. Then the authors asked them to position the improvements in a set of performance measurements, explaining why the TQM system had improved every measure. Measurements were obtained from a literature review that relates quality management and performance. The richness of the case study is that the manager is able to explain at the moment of completing the questionnaire the â€Å"why† of each rate and to add evidence to the question. Table 2 shows the results along with some notes from managers. The last column shows the value of the influence on each measure based on the majority of responses (1-2=low, 3=medium, 4-5=high). In the cases where companies’ responses are very different (one of each) there is not enough evidence to affirm that TQM influences that point. According to these managers’ perceptions, TQM influences product quality, customer service, fast response, competitiveness, customer satisfaction, employee satisfaction and motivation, rate of defects, and stock price. Regarding the customers’ claims, it is important to note that two managers indicated that this point had not improved because customers today are more demanding than before. A similar explanation is valid for warranty costs. One company also pointed out that these costs often come from a wrong use of the product and not from its quality. Exports and innovations were not tested because of the particular characteristics of the companies interviewed Financial measures were difficult to mark. Managers agreed that they would need more information to position themselves, although they perceived that the market in general values the fact that the company has implemented a TQM system and consequently, the stock price rises. After completing the questionnaire, managers were asked to indicate the elements of TQM that are â€Å"more responsible† for company improvements. Following are their responses †¢ Company 1: â€Å"The most important aspect is that everybody in the company, including the cleaning service, the doorman, and the accountant, is conscious and worried about quality. Before, the only people interested in quality were the quality department staff.† †¢ Company 4: â€Å"Personnel motivation and participation. If you get this, then the complete system works.† †¢ Company 12: â€Å"First, the general belief of the importance of quality. Second, the decision to be real leaders. Managers and staff move together towards the same aim.â⠂¬  Effects of ISO 9000 on Company Performance: Quality managers were also asked about the influence that ISO 9000:1994 registration has had on the same aspects of company results that were considered for TQM. They were asked to give a score from 1 to 5 (1=no influence, 5=very strong influence). The global influence that ISO 9000:1994 has had over each variable, evaluated according to the majority of responses, is presented in the final column of Table 3. As can be seen, the only aspect that clearly improved from the date of certification was product quality. One manager said this was because they had to create procedures and reduce variability in the production process because of ISO implementation. All of them agreed that the product was the same as before certification. The only difference was that after ISO implementation it was more controlled. The defect rate had consequently decreased as well. The effect on both customer satisfaction and competitiveness was medium. It is worth explaining that when the quality manager considered that certification could improved these variables, he always explained that â€Å"customer satisfaction† was derived from the accomplishment of a previous requirement from him: to attain certification. Some other managers pointed out that this satisfaction could be due to improvement in claims management. When ISO 9000 was first created, being a certified company was a competitive advantage. Today this advantage has disappeared and it has become a requirement to compete in the market. The effect on customer service was also medium. In this sense, ISO 9000 certification has been useful to organize the claims management system. Each claim must be registered and evaluated. There must exist a procedure to solve claims. Regarding the employees, the ISO 9000 system improved their productivity and their interest in quality problems. Improvement in productivity is again explained by better procedures and work instructions. However, many managers have confessed that employee satisfaction worsened because of the bureaucracy of the system. The documentation needed to sustain the system increased their workload. The remaining variables are not considered to have any impact on results. Note that the financial measures were not influenced by the implementation of the standard. When managers were asked about the main advantages and disadvantages of certification, they agreed that certification is helpful to organize the production system through procedures and work instructions. The paperwork generated was identified as the most negative consequence. After asking if certification was profitable, the majority answered that â€Å"it had to be,† pointing out that nowadays it is a basic requirement. â€Å"If we did not have it, we couldn’t sell,† they affirmed. ISO 9000 and TQM: If data on the companies that had implemented TQM are analyzed, it can be seen that certification had less impact on nearly all results. The first company shows higher marks in some variables. This company was the only one that started the quality journey by implementing ISO 9000 first and then TQM. It would explain the fact that the ISO standard could help managers organize the production process when quality management was at an initial stage. In fact, the manager of this company stated that formalization was useful for learning and for having criteria for future comparisons. The other two managers of companies applying TQM did not find any impact, although they suggested that the certification could help in some cases when companies had problems regarding process management. Finally, as an interesting note, one of the managers was worried about the new version of the standard, ISO 9000:2000. As explained before, managers try to establish minimal requirements in the quality manual to avoid what they believe as disturbances in their normal work. In his opinion, the new version represents a higher level of a quality system, is more demanding, and tries to incorporate some points more in line with the TQM system. It would mean that the auditor should have access to new fields in his or her company, and they would have to allow him or her to interrupt many aspects of the process. It could mean that the company worked less well than before. CONCLUSION: The authors asked quality managers of 14 companies about their experience with both ISO 9000:1994 implementation and TQM. Only three of the 14 companies had implemented TQM. Those companies have had improvements in performance as a result. These were mainly in product quality, customer and employee satisfaction, and competitiveness. When asked about the most important dimensions of TQM for getting these better results, managers agreed on leadership and employee participation. Regarding ISO 9000, the results show that the only clear improvement is in product quality. Managers agree that certification was useful in the initial stages of quality system implementation, mainly because they improved their production process through the development of work procedures, creating an atmosphere in which quality played an important role and defining responsibilities and duties. Initially, ISO 9000 certification was a competitive tool because it was still a novelty. However, today, certification is no longer a competitive advantage, but a prerequisite to play in the market. The authors have detected that companies that are applying TQM have fewer improvements in performance when ISO 9000 was implemented than the others. One of them presents slightly higher values, and, by coincidence, it is the only one that was ISO 9000 registered before implementing TQM. This could give the impression that the standard could be a good first step toward TQM implementation n. However, a more in-depth interview with managers changed the authors’ point of view. The managers point out that the ISO standard can be an obstacle when implemented jointly with a TQM system, interfering in the normal operation of the business and allowing the auditor to â€Å"inspect† too many aspects of the quality system and slowing it down. The solution to this problem provided by some of the Spanish managers interviewed was to completely separate implementation of a TQM system from the ISO 9000 system. Within other business culture contexts, the solution could well be different. Those companies that decided to apply the ISO regulation more strictly introduced all those aspects related to GCT in the manual. Then, the auditor will have a more important role and his or her understanding of what TQM is will be more important in these cases. Therefore, the effect of ISO 9001:2000 on company results will also depend on two factors: 1) the managers’ fulfilment of norms, and 2) the auditors’ understanding of TQM. Differences among countries due to different management cultures will then be a cause of differences in ISO 9001 effects and an interesting topic of analysis. The new version of the standard is closer to a TQM system. In particular, it tries to improve human resource management, customer focus, and leadership. According to managers, and supported by the conclusions of previous authors, the â€Å"soft† variables of TQM are responsible for the improvement in results derived from TQM implementation. It is an opportunity for companies to achieve better performance by applying the new version adequately. This new standard could also be a good first step toward a TQM system. Further research in this sense would be interesting to help managers attain more benefits from certification.