Health and Healing at Your Fingertips - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 785 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/12 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? HEALTH AND HEALING AT YOUR FINGERTIPS Throw out the bottles and boxes of drugs in your house. A new theory suggests that medicine could be bad for your health, which should at least come as good news to people who cannot afford to buy expensive medicine. However, it is a blow to the medicine industry, and an even bigger blow to our confidence in the progress of science. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Health and Healing at Your Fingertips" essay for you Create order This new theory argues that healing is at our fingertips: we can be healthy by doing Reiki on a regular basis. Supporters of medical treatment argue that medicine should be trusted since it is effective and scientifically proven. They say that there is no need for spiritual methods such as Reiki, Yoga, Tai Chi. These waste our time, something which is quite precious in our material world. There is medicine that can kill our pain, x-rays that show us our fractured bones or MRI that scans our brain for tumors. We must admit that these methods are very effective in the examples that they provide. However, there are some â€Å"every day complaints† such as back pains, headaches, insomnia, which are treated currently with medicine. When you have a headache, you take an Aspirin, or Vermidon, when you cannot sleep, you take Xanax without thinking of the side effects of these. When you use these pills for a long period, you become addicted to them; you cannot sleep without them. We pay huge amounts of money and become addicted instead of getting better. How about a safer and more economical way of healing? When doing Reiki to yourself, you do not need anything except your energy so it is very economical. As for its history, it was discovered in Japan in the early 1900s and its popularity has spread particularly throughout America and Western Europe. In quantum physics, energy is recognized as the fundamental substance of which the universe is composed. Reiki depends on the energy within our bodies. It is a simple and effective way of restoring the energy flow. There are no side effects and it is scientifically explained. Opponents of alternative healing methods also claim that serious illnesses such as HIV/AIDS and cancer cannot be treated without drugs. They think so because these patients spend the rest of their lives in the hospital taking medicine. How can Reiki make these people healthy again? It is very unfortunate that these patients have to live in the hospital losing their air because of chemotherapy, losing weight because of the side effects of the medicine they take. Actually, it is common knowledge that except for when the cancer is diagnosed at an early stage, drugs also cannot treat AIDS or cancer. Most of the medicine these patients use are to ease their pain and their sufferings because of the medical treatment they undergo. Instead of drugs which are expensive and have many side effects, you can use your energy to overcome the hardships of life, find an emotional balance, leave the stress of everyday life and let go of the ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY Copyright @ 2006 Bogazici University SFL 6 of 6 everyday worries. Most of the chronic conditions such as eczema or migraine are known to have causes such as poor diet and stress. Deeprooted anger or other strong emotions can contribute to viral infections as well. Since balancing our emotions and controlling our thoughts are very important for our well-being, we should definitely start learning Reiki and avoid illnesses before it is too late. Some people may still maintain that in our material world, everything depends on time. It is even â€Å"lacking time† that causes much of the stress that leads to the illnesses we mentioned. How would it be possible to find time to do Reiki to ourselves and the people around us when we cannot even find time to go to the theater? This is one good thing about Reiki; it does not require more than 15 minutes of our time. There is no need for changing clothes or special equipment. It is a wonderfully simple healing art, an effective method of relaxation and stress-relief. Most important of all, it is less time consuming than medicine if we think of all the time we spend taking medicine for some complaints and taking some more for the side effects as well. Having said these, resistance to Reiki would be quite illogical. Reiki is natural and drug-free. What is more, it is easy to learn by anyone, regardless of age and experience. It can be used anywhere, anytime. It also enhances physical, mental, emotional and spiritual well-being and the benefits last a lifetime. It is definitely high time to get away from the drug boxes we store in our drug cabinet!

The Effect Of Cellphones On School - 1192 Words

The Effect Cellphones Have In School The future of technology is coming, in today’s time you can’t go anywhere without seeing a teen taking a photo, random people listening to music or someone talking on the phone. In this upcoming generation life is centered around technology, especially in schools. The use of technology in schools is rising higher and higher by the day which is affecting the way of learning and concentration students use to have before cell phones or computers existed. Another issue thats wrong with upcoming generations of cell phones is the cyberbullying that happens. We are in an era of ubiquitous social networking. Where adolescent cruelties can be far more lasting. All of which underlines a central question of our new digital age. Cell phones in school affects many peoples lives, such as facebook. The internet website Facebook is a main reason or cause for a lot of kids to get bullied by people they may not know, which can push people as far as de ath or severely hurting themselves. The use of cellphones is absolutely intolerable in many schools nationwide, it is a distraction to the student to keep them from learning. Mrs. Rodgers from Illinois said, â€Å"Every day a tidal wave of cellphone’s come in and its sad because instead of doing what they re supposed to to start class they text and play on their phones†.Cervenka, Susanne. Catching Up with the Technology. Asbury Park Press. 27 Apr. 2013: 1. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 20 Dec. 2013.Show MoreRelatedCellphones And Their Effects On The School And Its Community798 Words   |  4 PagesAll people are on these days are their phones, so it makes sense that teachers say that cellphones cause a distraction among classmates. However, many children and even some parents want phones to be allowed in schools. Believe it or not, phones can benefit students as well as the school! Cellphones can actually serve as a learning tool both in and out of the classroom. On the contrary, some schools already have tablets or laptops for their students to use for educational purposes, so why are phonesRead MoreThe Effects of Mobile Phones to the Edu1158 Words   |  5 Pagestheir wardrobe. Because they become prevalent, there was bound to be a point where people would feel mobile phones are problem especially to the academic performace of students. Almost students, now a days, brought a cell phone to the school, especially the public schools, but it would not be much of a problem because it is usually used during lunch, breaks, right before and after class and during class when it seems safe to use. Cell phones make students connected. With mobile phones, parents will beRead MoreEffects Of Cellphones On Society And Environment1381 Words   |  6 PagesIn a world and culture where most people own a cellphone and are obsessed of using them, it is almost impossible to neglect to point out the harmful effects of too much usage of this technology. Cellphones made today certainly has much to offer, and without a doubt is a great innovation. But when it comes to relying on them it can certainly affect us and what is surrounding us negatively. Today, cellphones are one of the major part of our society. We always see someone texting or making a quickRead MoreThe Digital Revolution and its Effects on People Essay1511 Words   |  7 Pagesour distance from each other, but from available communications technology.† Relationships today are being impacted by the digital revolution. Modern technology diverts time and attention from spouses, families, and friends. Japanese believe that cellphones, texting, instant messaging, email, and online gaming have created social isolation. The greatest ‘social skill’ nowadays is to maintain eye contact with another person while texting. In ways, texting could be a good thing as it helps people keepRead MorePros Of Cell Phones At School755 Words   |  4 Pagesin school.† Retrieved from http://cellphones.Lovetoknow.co Cheryl Cirelli’s â€Å"Pros of cell phones in school† is an excellent resource for debating in favor of cellphones in school. It off ers examples and evidence to the topic of cellphones in the classroom. Cirelli explains that cellphones are not only an instant form of communication, but also a learning aid. In addition, cellphones can be used as a collaboration tool for group projects. Overall, she supports the idea of cellphones at school andRead MoreCell Phone Use, Physical And Sedentary Activity983 Words   |  4 Pagestool can be use during sedentary, mild or semi-active behaviors. This issue leads this study. A group of researchers wanted to see a relationship between cellphone use and physical activity. Cell phone can be defined as texting, calling or using the Internet via a cellular device. The researchers hypothesized that a cellphone could have an effect on the body in the form of physical activity. The research was broken up into two phases. The first phase, a random sample 350 people of the student populationRead MoreTaking a Look at Mobile Technolgy712 Words   |  3 Pagesthan cell phone we have it now a days. Not everybody had rotary phone because if we look at their time history, having a phone meant a lot back at that time. After cellphone came in life became a lot easier. Now a day everybody have phone including children’s and senior citizens as well. After years of research and experiment, cellphones have become so small that we can put it in our pocket as well. According to one of the New York Times article Flight from Conversation â€Å"I’ve studied technologies ofRead MoreEffects of Cell Phone1609 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is a cellphone? Small wireless device that has at least the same functions of a standard wired telephone but is smaller and more mobile. A cell phone requires a subscription to a service provider and requires either a prepaid or monthly billing setup. Generally, they have more functions than traditional land lines and need to be charged after a period of time. Also called mobile phone or mobile device.—BusinessDictionary.com A mobile phone (also known as a cellular phone, cell phone andRead MoreThe Use of Cellphones During Emergencies872 Words   |  4 Pagessignificance and effect on the world because it was the year the invention of the cellphone (a portable device that can make and receive calls anywhere at any time) came about. Even though it was invented that year it wasn’t until 1983 in which it became available to the public to buy and own. In the year 2006, the number of cellphones that were sold was one billion worldwide and the number continues to rise with each passing year. With that said, as the years went by the cellphone went from a communicationRead MoreThe Effects Of Technology On Our Social Lives1166 Words   |  5 Pagesadvances in cellphones, computers, cameras, medical technology, and much more are being made. Because of technology, the way we live our lives, and the way the world functions is vastly different than it used to be. One might argue that all of this technology is making our lives easier, and therefore, better. However, people do not realize all that we are losing, as we gain technological knowledge. In the eighties having a cellphone was a luxury, and in a way, defined your status. Today, cellphones are

Election 2013 Free Essays

Three Debatable Issues On November 6, 2012 American’s will have the opportunity to decide on the next President, current President, Barack Obama or Mitt Romney. There are three major issues being debated during the 2012 election, which are same sex marriage, abortion and healthcare. Each candidate has an opposite stance on each issue being discussed. We will write a custom essay sample on Election 2013 or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the hot button issues is same sex marriage. In 1996, Congress passed the Defense of Marriage Act, which outlaws same sex marriage, and union between two men or two women. Currently ten states allow same sex marriage; five states recognize civil union and six have domestic partnerships. The election of 2012 will allow voters in eighteen states to decide on weather to add or ban same sex marriage. Obama is supportive on same sex marriage. Internally he struggles due to his Christian and social beliefs, however he publicly announced his endorsement on May 9, 2012. Obama, as our current President, doesn’t support the Defense of Marriage Act. He has directed his administration to stop defending the act in Courts. Romney is against same sex marriage. He believes marriage is between and woman and a man, going back 3000 years ago. He feels same sex marriage would destroy America and it’s youth. He is very supportive of Jones2 the Federal Marriage Amendment, which prohibits same sex marriage. Another major deciding issue is Abortion. Abortion is the purging of an unborn fetus, by choice or accident, in a woman’s womb. Abortion is a very highly debated as it touches on one’s right to live and one’s right to decide. In 1973 the Supreme Court ruled a woman has the right to abort her pregnancy. Romney is Pro-life, which rejects the idea of abortions based on religious, moral and ethnic grounds. He supports the rights of the unborn child. He previously supported a woman’s right to decide, however now is against abortions unless rap, incest or to save a mother’s life is involved. Obama is Pro-Choice, which takes away the governments involvement or influence and allows the mother to make the choice. He believes the government should not intrude on private family matter. The choice is given to mother to make this decision. Lastly, an issue that affects all Americans is taxes. Taxes are predetermined of money that each person has to pay on revenue-generated money. Romney supports a budget that will cut taxes for the middle class, people earing less than 200,000 a year, and individuals aged sixty five or older. He also proposes that he will remove taxes on interest, dividends and capital gains, which will in turn results in more money for the middle class. He will also remove the death tax, in which he states makes no sense a all. Current President Obama wants to work to make the tax fairer to the middle class and eliminate loopholes for the wealthy class. He is in favor of progressive tax system, which simplifies the tax code. This will allow for a more equal tax rate as currently people who make less money Jones3 could end up paying more in taxes than a wealthier person or family. Whether you agree or disagree with the issues stated previously, same sex marriage, abortion or taxes; we all have a choice to make. Each candidate has strong opposing views against each other. These topics can become a deal breaker for how our American people vote. How to cite Election 2013, Essay examples Election 2013 Free Essays Election is the process by which members in a given community or nation choose there leaders in democratic society, therefore such kind of an election should be free and fair to ensure that the leaders era acceptable to all members of the society therefore an election should give basic freedom to citizens in order to have full participation in the elector process example people should be around to join a political party of there choice without fear of intimidation, they should have access to political and elector information through civic education they should also have the right to vote secretly without coition or vote buying. Therefore fair elections must have a process which is impartial and satisfies the basic in the national standards. However, it within the process of free and fair elections that citizen express there will through the elected representatives, hence such leaders are expected to elected in a free and fair elections and can only to removed from the office through the same process, therefore a person who intimidates, corrupt and threatens the citizens before or after election becomes an enemy of democracy. We will write a custom essay sample on Election 2013 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Free and fair elections must be open to adults and the losers are expected to accept the results. The body conducting the election exercise must be impartial, transparent and able to enforce the elector rulers especially the elector code of conduct, all parties and candidates should be treated equally without discrimination or favorer as such gives the public trust and confident. he election body should ensure that all contestants or candidate offering themselves for elections should have equal opportunity especially in use of public resources during the complains. It’s therefore important to note that the party in power will certainly enjoy certain advantages in fields of government resources use of existing administrative structures and use of public media in this regard such advantages should be checked and remitted to try and ensure that all interested parties in the political arena enjoy the same privileges. Finally it’s the responsibility of every voter to ensure that election is a success. Such can only be achieved when the election process is free from barebelly intimidation and violence hence, making it transparent, free, fair and credible election. To close-up being a Kenyan citizen which is currently under going a process of national election its my wish and great desire to see my county being a model of a county with free and fair elections. How to cite Election 2013, Papers

Business Research Method Research Proposal Reflective Journal

Question: Discuss about the Business Research Method Research Proposal forReflective Journal. Answer: Introduction During the tenure of the task, I found that this particular task is really helpful in expanding my knowledge in the particular subject domain and application of the same in the practical life. This reflective journal would explore my personal progression through the various learning goals, while undergoing through assessment 1 and assessment 2 of the course module. The scope of this reflective journal includes that it would focus on the critical analysis of my own learning process and while preparing the content for both the assessments. Any additional analysis other than the chosen research topic is outside the scope of this reflective journal. Reflective Analysis I have improved my knowledge during this tenure of this course (12 week teaching duration) and I have successfully applied the concepts while writing this assessment. During the first week, I have gone through the in-depth analysis of the subject related concepts related to the assignment. I have done in-depth internet research and I have strived to gain varied knowledge regarding the topics that would help me in making the assignment. During the second week, I have found out that the topic on social media analysis is an interesting one. I have learnt that there are both positive as well as negative aspects of the social media network, which motivated me to do this assignment. During the third week, I have studied the different scholarly resources and started preparing the literature review section. I have enumerated the scope and the objective of the literature review by carefully selecting the attributes. During the fourth week, I have done a comparative analysis of the literature from various sources. I have collected the opinions from various authors and compared the underlying concepts. During the fifth week, I have successfully identified the potential gaps in the literature concerning the topic. I have found that there are several gaps in the identified literature, which should be expressed openly. This is the reason I have acknowledged the potential gaps in the paper, which can be addressed in the future research. During the sixth week, I have commenced doing the second assessment, which is based on the research proposal. After careful analysis of the literature review, I chose one gap in the literature, which I decided to discuss in the proposal. I found that it is important to discuss about the security breaches of the social media networks that should be discussed. During the seventh week, I commenced on the introduction of the research proposal and jotted down the justification for choosing the specific topic. I have also jotted down the objectives of the project. I also engaged in the careful analysis of the research topic and written down questions that would help me in understanding the rationale of the study. I have also used the process of objective formation which I learnt during the course module. During the eight week, I have engaged in formulating suitable research questions which would help me to satisfy the research objectives. I have made different questions for different kinds of research such as primary as well as secondary. During the ninth week, I have made suitable justifications for the research questions that I have formulated. I have carefully selected the questions based on rationality and thus I tried to have a good picture of the goals that my questions would probably fulfill. I have also concentrated on the probable work outcomes, which I have learnt from my lecturer. I have performed brief literature review on the research topic which helped me to understand the background information. During the tenth week, I have commenced making the research methodology, in which I have tried to concentrate on the feasibility of the study. I have read that there are different ways of conducting research such as questionnaires and interviews. I have implemented tools to make the technique of the research. I have also understood that a sample size of 60 would be appropriate for doing the project and able to collect data from the participants. During the eleventh week, I have fixed the sampling approach which would be undertaken by this research. I have concentrated on the simple random sampling that I have learnt in my course module. I have performed this research on online and offline sources. I have also done the data collection process and I have used primary and secondary modes. I have learnt about these data collection methods in theory and now I have applied them to practice by actually including them in the data collection. During the twelfth week, I have focused on the data analysis part of the research. I am familiar with Excel and hence I have used MS-Excel for analyzing the data. I have also thought about the limitations that are associated with the project. I have aimed to explore the overall achievement of the research objectives and I have tried to relate the data analysis with the research objectives. Conclusion This assessment has immensely helped me to apply my theoretical concepts in practice. It is vital to apply gained knowledge in practical sense. This reflective assessment helped me to effectively address the different issues of literature review and prepare business research proposal based on the gaps in the literature. This assignment has made me confident individual since I have used wide variety of terms and concepts. I am sure that I would be successful in applying my skills in my future projects.

Impact of Workforce Diversity on Organization Performance Essay Example

Impact of Workforce Diversity on Organization Performance Essay Diversity has become a central element of the modern organizationallandscape- so much so that 75% of the 50 largest companies in the U. S now have diversity directors or managers. A whole new industry has even materialized diversity training to help organizations address the challenge that diversity creates. This interest in diversity would not be surprising. As firms move toward flatter organizational structures featuring groups and teams, and the global economy as a whole. Although business has been conducted on an international deal for many years, in Nigeria International business has gained greater visibility and importance in recent years, because of the growth of large multinational corporations. International businesses, involves teams action across national boundaries. These transaction includes the transfer of goods, services, technology, managerial knowledge and skills, and capital to other countries. This in twin fostered diversity in workforce among business organization. This research however chose to investigate the â€Å"EFFECT OF WORKFORCE DIVERSITY ON ORGANIZATIONS PERFORMANCE†. Many multi-nationally owned organizations today employs workforce comprising of indigenes and non-indigenes as well as mix of genders (male and female) and age groups. The diversity among each employee profers different kind of input from each individuals. What began for many U. S organizations for instance, as an effort to meet governmental and legal requirements has evolved into a strategic priority aimed at positioning organizations more competitively in the market place. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Workforce Diversity on Organization Performance specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Workforce Diversity on Organization Performance specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Workforce Diversity on Organization Performance specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is estimated that organizations spend 18 billion annually on diversity training. In addition, organizations devote resources to a variety of other diversity-related initiatives, including dedicated diversity management staffs and workplace programs and benefits such as flexible work arrangements, domestic partner benefits, corporate-sponsored employee affinity groups, and other programs designed to attract and detain a diverse workforce. Organizations devote resources to diversity initiatives because they believe diversity is a business imperative and good for the bottom-line. And for any business organization to accomplish their objectives they must make use of both their human and material resource effectively and efficiently. Organization devote resources to diversity initiatives because they believe diversity is a business imperative, demographic slights in the U. S labour market, for instance, specifically the projected rapid growth of the minority labour force over the 10 years, impacts organisations on a number of fronts Konrad (2003), has stated three (3) primary arguments in the business case for diversity. First, competition for the best talent requires organizations to reach out and embrace an increasingly diverse labour pool. Secondly, a global economy requires that organizations have a diverse workforce so that they can effectively deal with an increasingly diverse customer base. Thus, a diverse workforce can lead to an increased market share, where as lade of diversity in the workforce can lead to a shrinking market share. A third argument is that demography diversity unleashes creativity, innovation, and improved group problem solving, which in turn enhances the competitiveness of the organization. In addition, one could add that in the context of the debate and controversy surrounding affirmative action programme, diversity is a more palatable and socially acceptable way to address race and gender issues. Finally, it can also be seen that in a multicultural society, attempting to increase workforce diversity is simply the right and ethical thing to do as corporate citizens, regardless of the economic implications. Performance in the business realm is judged by the amount or level of productivity recorded by an organization, which will in turn foster the „going-concern? phrase of business. The relationship between workforce diversity and performance in organization brings out both the positive and negative effect of diversity of workforce on organisation? s performance. Therefore, if an organization plans to survive as well as achieve its objectives, it must keep in check its workforce diversity, making sure that the positive effect is greater than the negative effect on their performance.

Free Essays on Similarities And Differences Between The Senate And The House Of Representatives.

Similarities and differences between the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Congress of the United States was created by Article I, Section 1, of the Constitution, adopted by the Constitutional Convention on September 17, 1787, it say that "All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and a House of Representatives." The first Congress under the Constitution met on March 4, 1789, in the Federal Hall in New York City. The membership then consisted of 20 Senators and 59 Representatives. To day the country is a lot larger and so is congress. There are many similarities and differences between the Senate and the House. The Senate is composed of 100 Members, 2 from each State, who are elected to serve for a term of 6 years. Senators were originally chosen by the State legislatures. This procedure was changed by the 17th amendment to the Constitution, adopted in 1913, which made the election of Senators a process of the people choice. There are three classes of Senators, and a new class is elected every 2 years. The House of Representatives comprises 435 Representatives. Population determines the number representing each State, but every State is entitled to at least one Representative. The people elect members for 2-year terms, all terms running for the same period. Both the Senators and the Representatives must be residents of the State from which they are chosen. In addition, a Senator must be at least 30 years of age and must have been a citizen of the United States for at least 9 years; a Representative must be at least 25 years of age and must have been a citizen for at least 7 years OFFICERS: The Vice President of the United States is the Presiding Officer of the Senate; in his absence the duties are taken over by a President pro tempore, elected by that body, or someone designated by him. The House elects the Presiding Officer of the Hous... Free Essays on Similarities And Differences Between The Senate And The House Of Representatives. Free Essays on Similarities And Differences Between The Senate And The House Of Representatives. Similarities and differences between the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Congress of the United States was created by Article I, Section 1, of the Constitution, adopted by the Constitutional Convention on September 17, 1787, it say that "All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and a House of Representatives." The first Congress under the Constitution met on March 4, 1789, in the Federal Hall in New York City. The membership then consisted of 20 Senators and 59 Representatives. To day the country is a lot larger and so is congress. There are many similarities and differences between the Senate and the House. The Senate is composed of 100 Members, 2 from each State, who are elected to serve for a term of 6 years. Senators were originally chosen by the State legislatures. This procedure was changed by the 17th amendment to the Constitution, adopted in 1913, which made the election of Senators a process of the people choice. There are three classes of Senators, and a new class is elected every 2 years. The House of Representatives comprises 435 Representatives. Population determines the number representing each State, but every State is entitled to at least one Representative. The people elect members for 2-year terms, all terms running for the same period. Both the Senators and the Representatives must be residents of the State from which they are chosen. In addition, a Senator must be at least 30 years of age and must have been a citizen of the United States for at least 9 years; a Representative must be at least 25 years of age and must have been a citizen for at least 7 years OFFICERS: The Vice President of the United States is the Presiding Officer of the Senate; in his absence the duties are taken over by a President pro tempore, elected by that body, or someone designated by him. The House elects the Presiding Officer of the Hous...

SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL MODEL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL MODEL - Essay Example In our next league of discussion, we will emphasis on the interpersonal relationship of the smokers. Smoking and Family The problem pertaining to smoking starts percolating in the fate of our new born baby. A smoking mother not only loads his unborn child with loads of vulnerability but also paves the way for a future smoker as the recent study suggests that the smoking habit alters the genetic codes which make the child more prone to smoking in days to come. Besides the legacy of pulmonary diseases, cancer is quite evident in these babies (1). Naturally, this type of child, when grow up, will seldom depict its respect etc to the institution called family. He or she will came to know through ages who are responsible for this ailment. In another paradigm of this discussion, the smoking habit of the adults is also equally responsible for the interpersonal strained relationship in a family. In today’s urban set up where a family of four or five of the members is being forced to l ive in the dingy apartment, the much hyped question of â€Å"Passive Smoking† can not be ruled out.

Comparing self esteem and depression in nursing students Essay

Comparing self esteem and depression in nursing students - Essay Example For instance, in reference to sadness, the number of students who felt sad was six. Out of the other students, the ethnic groups that reportedly felt sad in most instances are the Hispanic, Haitian, as well as the Philipino. It should be noted that in this study, the scores that represent the various variables under study are either one or zero. A notable result from the study is the fact that all of the participating students admittedly cried more often than they used to. This could be related to the levels of depression in the course of pursuing their education. However, there are other factors which could be attributed to the behavioral trait (Tomori & Rus-Makovec, 2000). Self esteem can be related to failure. Those who feel like failures are most cases having low self esteem. Consequently, in the above study, the revelation is that most of the students, actually all, never felt like failures. These levels of self appreciation can also be related to responses to such issues such as what is viewed as failure in the past. Besides, only one student responded that he never enjoyed what was previously perceived to be a source of enjoyment. Pessimism is akin to a variable that can be used to reflect on the levels of self esteem amongst the students. In this case, most of the students were upbeat about their future prospects. In fact, out of those who participated in the study, only two Latinos responded that they were not really upbeat about their futures. The insinuation is that most of the students in the faculty of nursing are really optimistic. When critically analyzed, the optimism comes from the fact that they have a high self esteem (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996). The feeling of being worthless is an attribute that reflects low self esteem. In reference to the attribute, most of the students scored zero which insinuate that they never felt worthless. Consequently, the insinuation from the study is that the prevalence of depression amongst the students

Pricing Decisions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Pricing Decisions - Essay Example All the articles provide a framework through which managers and stakeholders within the marketing environment can understand pricing dynamics. In order to enhance objectivity of results obtained, these articles employ the use of scientific research processes in acquiring information. Therefore, findings at the end of each article reflects experimental results on pricing policies, efficiency of pricing models and the relationship between pricing decisions and productivity. Introduction In actual marketing context, product and service pricing plays a significant role in influencing attitude of current and potential consumers. In a competitive environment, consumers may avoid purchasing goods from a given manufacturer because of higher prices compared to other producers in the industry. On the contrary, Kunnumkal and Topaloglu (2010) say that setting product and service prices depend on the production cost as well as profitability objectives of an organization. In this case, any produce r has to reach a compromise between retaining consumers and pursuing its goals of profit maximization. According to Hoseason (2003), pricing models and policies contained within these articles proposes empirical mechanisms through which producers can achieve such an essential compromise. One article holds the opinion that pricing decisions should be in line with observed or expected customer behavior. In this case, all decisions regarding product price should take into consideration implications resulting from implementing adopted policies. Contrarily, other articles insist on the role of production cost in determining market price of products and services. Such a model seeks to establish an economic balance between production efficiency and pricing policies. Importance of the Study With respect to significance of information contained within the articles, one should acknowledge the fact that empirical pricing models are instrumental in responding to real world marketing problems. I n practical context, the economic forces of demand and supply may not prove realistic and responsive in explaining price elasticity. According to Mandy (2009), prices may be affected by other variables like distribution mechanisms, marketing channels and retail strategies. In this case, manufacturers need to appreciate resourcefulness of experimental approaches in making pricing decisions. Low price on products and services may induce customers’ propensity to make buy decisions. However, setting such low prices should be in synchronization with other determinant factors like cost of manufacturing and expected revenue of an organization. According to Leo, Chris and Verma (2012), certain market segments, especially those involved in tangible products are known to being more price sensitive compared to service delivery markets. In such cases, pricing decisions should be a function of price sensitivity variables and expected revenue. This explains why pricing policies are formula ted after thorough consideration to aspects of marginal costs and profits. Article 1 - Retailer Dynamic Pricing and Ordering Decisions: Category Management versus Brand-by-Brand Approaches, Kopalle et al, 2010. According to Kopalle, Hall and Krishna (2010), the aim of this article is to determine the effects of category management in influencing ordering decisions and sustaining profitability at a given pricing levels. It seeks to develop an empirical

Swahili Morphology A Comparison English Language Essay

Swahili Morphology A Comparison English Language Essay Introduction Swahili is an example of a Bantu language. Bantu languages belong to the South Central subgroup of the Niger-Congo language family. These languages are closely related to languages used in central, east-central and southern Africa (Sands, 2009). Due to the colonial history of the countries in this area, Swahili contains many loanwords from English, Arabian, Persian Indian languages, Portuguese, German and other Bantu languages. Their origins are often hardly recognisable. The reason for this is that the structure remains Bantu. In this structure, the derivational system has an important role (Mohammed, 2001). This paper contains a description of this system and other underlying processes of Swahili morphology. In this description, we draw parallels between Swahili and English. As mentioned earlier, we know that Swahili is connected to English by its loanwords. But do the two languages have anything in common concerning morphological structure and processes? 2 Typology English is an inflectional language: words are modified to express their grammatical function. Swahili is a polysynthetic language: complicated sentences are expressed using a single word (Fromkin, 2000). Swahili is a Subject-Verb-Object language in which the object and the subject can be null; this may lead to insertion of a zero morpheme. In a phrase, grammatical relations like subject and object are determined by the positions they are in. This makes Swahili a position language instead of a case language. In a case language (like German) the form of the noun or pronoun changes to show the grammatical relation. The following expression illustrates the use of SVO order in Swahili (Vitale, 1981) (Note: a gloss can be found in the appendix): (1) Juma a-li-wa-piga watoto Juma-he-P-them-hit-children Juma hit the children S V O 3 Word and morpheme classes Many Swahili words are built up by using roots and affixes. Affixes may be described in terms of the class or category of the word they combine with, and the category of word found by the root and affix combination. Whereas roots do not change, many affixes do. Swahili morphology is summarily described under the main headings: pronouns and pronominal prefixes, verbs and noun classes (Safari Akida, 1991). 3.1 Free and bound morphemes Whether a morpheme is bound or free, can be defined by considering their occurrence. Morphemes that can occur on their own are said to be free. Bound morphemes need to be attached to other morphemes. In English, for instance, nouns are free- and determiners are bound morphemes (Fromkin, 2000). Both bound and free morphemes occur in Swahili, but there are more bound morphemes than free morphemes. In English, certain word classes are always bound (like nouns); in Swahili one word class can contain both bound and free morphemes: (2) baba father samaki fish (3) m-toto child wa-toto children ki-su knife vi-su knives The nouns in example (2) (Mohammed, 2001) are free morphemes. The nouns in example (3) are bound morphemes. The word stems -toto and -su require a prefix that gives the word a certain number and class (Givon, 2001). Adjectives, like -dogo, meaning small, also need a number- and class prefix (m-, wa-, ki-, vi-, etc.). This leads to clauses like m-dogo, which can be used to express that it is small for a child (ibid.). 3.2 Pronouns and pronominal prefixes Pronouns in Swahili are divided into personal, possessive, demonstrative, generalising and interrogative pronouns (Myachina, 1981). Personal pronouns have a morphemic structure built out of roots plus the appropriate marker. These independent pronouns can stand on their own and function as an object or a subject. But they are only used in selective contexts: for instance the word ni am as in I am an African Mimi ni Africano. Next to that, they can also emphasize the subject of the sentence. In (2i) and (2ii), mimi underlines the subject (Benjamin, 1998): (4) (i) Ninataka watoto I want children (i) Mimi ninataka watoto I (really) want children (ii) Nitapita posta I will pass by the post office (ii) Mimi nitapita posta I will pass by the post office A pronoun can never replace a pronominal prefix, if a construction requires a pronominal prefix. A pronominal prefix must be included whether or not an independent pronoun is used. *Mimi tapita posta is an ill formed Swahili sentence. Pronominal prefix Person ni- 1st person singular u- 2nd person singular a- 3rd person singular tu- 1st person plural m-/mw- 2nd person plural w-/wa- 3rd person plural Not only does the pronominal prefix marks the person, it also marks the subject or object position. This is determined by the place of the pronoun within the verb: (5) Wao wanaamka They are waking up (subject) Mimi nitawaamsha I will wake them up (object) 3.3 Verbs Besides subject and object markers, tense markers can be attached to Swahili verbs as prefixes. The essential component of any finite verb is (in the following order): subject prefix tense marker verb root. If an object prefix is inserted, the verb root always follows. A negation marker of the verb always precedes the subject prefix (Safari Akida, 1991). The following template illustrates how Swahili verbs are built (Deen, 2001): (6) Subject Agreement- Tense- Object Agreement- Verb-suffixes Mood (SA) (T) (OA) (V) (M) The object agreement is an optional item. If there is a specific direct object, the object agreement is obligatory; if the direct object isnt specific, the object agreement can be deleted (ibid.). Mood is always the final suffix. It can either be indicative -a, subjunctive -e, or negative -i. When the suffix is indicative, the word describes ongoing actions or states, habitual actions of the present, actions and states in the past or future and imperatives. The subjunctive mainly expresses desires, possibility, necessity and requests (ibid.). In Swahili clauses, the infinitive (a prefix) is rarely used; other inflectional prefixes are used to modify the clause. We can conclude that Swahili is a bare verb language. In English, bare stems are also used without the infinitive to like in I can sing (Deen, 2003).This puts the two languages in the same class: they are both bare verb languages instead of root infinitive languages. 3.4 Nouns In Swahili, every noun is assigned to a specific noun class. The noun classes are generally marked by a class prefix. Swahili nouns are inflected for gender and number by a characteristically Bantu prefix system (Vitale, 1981). Gender is grammatical and affixes mark a noun for membership in a noun class. These are, for the most part, not definable on semantic grounds. There is a certain amount of discrepancy as to which of several numbering systems should be used in the classification of the gender system. The original Swahili classes 12 and 13 have no reflexes in present-day Swahili. In modern Swahili, nouns are categorised in far less noun classes as shown below: Table 5: Modern Swahili noun classes (Mohammed, 2001) Note that classes 15, 16, 17 and 18 have not been illustrated above because they do not have plural forms Nouns in classes 1/2 denote only humans (but not all humans are in class 1/2). Class 14 refers to abstract characteristics. Class 15 has verbal infinitives and classes 16 18 are locatives. For the remaining classes the semantic base is less obvious. For example: class 3/4 contains words denoting plants and trees, class 9/10 contains names of animals, and class 6 contains liquids (Brown Ogilvie, 2009). 3.5 Compounding Like in English, words in Swahili compound to make a new word or give a specific definition to a word. This process of compounding mainly occurs in Swahili by conjoining two nouns (N+N), a noun and a verb (N+V), a noun and an adjective (N+A) and a verb and a noun (V+N). In some cases, compounding can also occur with a verb and a verb (V+V) or a verb and an adjective (V+A) (Nshubemuki, 1999). Table 6 shows a number of compounded terms in Swahili. Sometimes a word or term can get a whole new definition or can function in a whole new word class: Table 6: Compounded Swahili words (ibid.) Elements Swahili terms (English equivalent) derived Swahili term (English equivalent) N+N msumeno (saw) + juu (top) msumenoju (top saw) N+V kemikali (chemical) + amsha (stimulate) amshakikemilkali (chemical stimulation) N+A tumba (bud) + bwete (dormant) tumbabwete (dormant bud) V+N tegemea (depend(ent)) + kimelea (parasite) kimeleategemezi (hyperparasite) V+V fanya (make) + tendana (to do with) mfanyikotendani (process) V+A pasua (saw in two) + nyofu (straight) upasuajimnyofu (to break down timber) 4 Inflection and derivation in Swahili verbs The template of verbs in (6) makes it clear that inflection and derivation are morphological processes occurring in Swahili. Because of the importance of these processes, we will take a closer look at prefixation, suffixation, infixion and incorporation. 4.1 Prefixation Swahili is a prefix language where the verb stem or root is usually preceded by derivational prefixes. In turn, these derivational prefixes are preceded by inflectional prefixes (Prikola, 2001). The verbal morphology of Swahili involves many productive inflectional and derivational morphemes. The verbal prefixes are mainly inflectional. The main prefixes indicate the subject and object agreement markers and the tense markers (Seidl Dimitriadis, 2003). To specify this, we will give an example. Look at the Swahili sentences in (7) and their proposed translation in English, shown in between apostrophes (Fromkin, 2000): (7) Ninasoma Tunasoma Ni-na-soma Tu-na-soma 1S-Pres-read 1Pl-Pres-read I am reading We are reading First of all, lets have a look at what the two sentences above have in common. There is the verbs head, -soma, translated in English as (to) read. In (7) -soma works as the head of the sentence, the verb root. The morpheme -soma is bound. This verb root needs affixes, so that it can be used as a word (ibid.). The affixes in (7) are indicators of tense and person. Apparently, the prefix na- is a tense marker, which, combined with the verb root -soma, means something like present tense read, here translated as is and are. The remaining prefixes Ni- and Tu- provide information whether the person who is reading is first person singular (I) or first person plural (We). Looking at these examples, we can say that inflected Swahili verbs give information about tense and person. These sentences are complex verbs, because a complete sentence can be expressed by forming one word (ibid.). We can therefore say that Swahilis subject-verb-agreement morphology takes place through prefixes. 4.2 Suffixation In Swahili, the verbal suffixes show derivation which can be very productive. Derivational morphemes increase the vocabulary, but their occurrence is not related to sentence structure (ibid.). The most productive and frequently used derivational morphemes are the causative, passive, stative, applicative and reciprocal ones. They function as an extension of the verb. Swahili verbs can carry some derivational suffixes, but are bound to a specific order after the verb root. Some derivational suffixes (such as the causative and applicative) add an argument, some absorb an argument and some leave the number of arguments unchanged (SD, 2003). 4.3 Infixion and incorporation In the passive form, we see that infixes can occur in Swahili verbs (Buell, 2002): (8) kitabu hakitasomwa kitabu ha- ki- ta- som- w- a 7.book neg- 7.subj- Fut- read- Pass- default.vowel the book wont be read In (8) we see that the -w- functions as an infix for the passive. As shown above, incorporation of pronouns occurs in Swahili. The pronouns are incorporated within the verb. Infixion in negating infinitival nouns can occur as well. Here the infinitival noun shows an act of doing (and is derived from a verb) and therefore shows no number. Infixion of the grammatical particle -to- gives a negation to the infinitival noun. To make this clear, we will give an example (Mohammed, 2001): (9) kutokuja failure 5 Heads and hierarchy The head of a word is the element that contains the category and other properties of the word itself (Lieber, 1981). There are different theories concerning head and hierarchy. Williams theory assumes that the category of the items and their composition are attached to syntactic features (Williams, 1981). In other words, the prefixes give information about number and class and syntactically modify the mother node. An example (Droste, 1989): (10) shind root shind-a to conquer (verbal) shind-i / shind-aji / shind-e the conqueror (person) m-shind-I / m-shind-aji / m-shind-e who is conquered wa-shind-I / wa-shind-aji plural (11) M-tu person Wa-tu persons Ji-tu giant Ma-ji-tu giants Ki-tu thing vi-tu things In English we see the same phenomenon: (11) play Inf + -(e)d P played Dog Sg + -s Pl dogs Ugly Adj + -er Com uglier The fact that the suffix here functions as the head leads to a contradiction in the analysis of the right head rule in the word shind. According to Selkirk, prefixes are markers for plural, tense and person. In m-shind-i, the suffix -i is the head and the nominalizer, the root -shind- is an unmarked non-head and the non-head m- is marked for class and number to be percolated. In m-tu the root -tu percolates its inherent nominal category, whereas the prefix again stands for number and class (Selkirk, 1984). According to Selkirk, suffixes in Swahili are responsible for the category of a word: (12) A-li-vi-chom-a Sg sub. P-Pl-root-V A-li-vi = non heads (but they show SA, TA and OA) chom= root -a = head In English, the head always comes at the right most end of a word and determines the category or word class of the word. As mentioned above, we can conclude that in Swahili grammar membership of a word category is always determined by the right-hand morpheme. Williams noticed that the category of the items and the compositions are attached to syntactic features. Williams formulation of the right head rule therefore can be maintained. 6 Variation in morphology In Swahili, there can be variation in morphology. In the following, we will take a closer look at the occurrence of allomorphy, free variation and portmanteau in Swahili. 6.1 Allomorphy and free variation Allomorphs are morphemes that can be realized in different ways, while maintaining their meaning (Fromkin, 2000). In English, we see this in the word pills, which is pronounced as /pillz/, while the plural is usually formed by adding an consonant /-s/. Swahili also has allomorphs. For instance, the past tense markers -li and -ku. They are both used to express past tense, but differ in form. In passive verbs, the following allomorphs are used: -w, -liw, -iw and -w. For the causative verb, the allomorphs -sh, -esh, -sh, -z, -ez and -z (Mohammed, 2001). We see the same phenomenon with nouns. A word from noun class 1 takes mu- as a prefix, but when a class 1 noun starts with a vowel, the prefix changes to m- or mw- (Zawawi, 1979). (13) muuguzi nurses (14) mwezi thieves Because there is an underlying rule to this change, this is conditioned allomorphy. As we have seen, Swahili nouns take various class prefixes according to the class they belong. The noun class system is not as strict as implied. There are many words that do not fit in one of these classes based on a semantic characterization. There is variation which is illustrated in atypical, flexible, irregular, and un-prefixed nouns. A variation for the use of the noun classes is nominal derivation, by shifting nouns from one class to the other. For example, shifting nouns into class 7/8 denotes diminutive -kitoto a small child- while class 6 can be used to express a group of individuals, and not only the plural form: fisi (class 10) hyenas, mafisi (class 6) a pack of hyenas . But not only the classification of the noun class can vary. There is also variation in the noun prefixes. Sometimes two noun classes share the same prefix, but do not share the same noun class. For example, the regular prefix in classes 1 and 3 is m- . Some agreements are the same for both classes, and some are not. This can depend on the phonological form of the prefix rather than the syntactic-semantic characteristics of the noun class (Alcock Ngorosho, 2002). 6.2 Portmanteau A morpheme that contains multiple meaningful elements, is called a portmanteau. These different elements of meaning cannot be segmented within the morpheme (Fromkin, 2000). For instance, in English, the verb is represents third person, singular, present tense and the lexeme be. Portmanteaus also occur in Swahili. In the expression tu-li-wa-lim-ish-a, meaning We made them cultivate, the morpheme tu represents second person, plural and subject. In the same example, the morpheme wa represents first person, plural, object (Katamba, 1994). It is clear that in both cases, different phi-features are expressed in one morpheme. Therefore, we can conclude that they are portmanteaus. 7 Reduplication Swahili contains morphological reduplication. This means that all or a part of a word is copied (completely or partial) to show a change in meaning or usage. An example of reduplication is monosyllabic reduplication (Akinlabi, 1995). In this case the reduplicated morpheme is phonologically similar in order to produce disyllabic words. This is total reduplication: (15) ba-ba father bu-bu dumb person lu-lu pearl kwi-kwi hiccup A native consonant (C) plus a vowel (V) can be reduplicated, therefore this CV-structure is reduplicated. In some cases there is also a prefix involved. This prefix is responsible for the class of the word: (16) m-dudu an insect Neither monosyllabic stems such as ba or bu, nor trisyllabic stems such as bababa or bububu has the meaning of a disyllabic form like baba or bubu (ibid.). Monosyllabic reduplication is also found in six personal independent pronouns, as shown in table 1 and in (17) below: (17) Mimi I Sisi We Wewe You (Sg) Nyinyi You (Pl) Yeye S/he These pronouns are only meaningful when they are combined with another morpheme. Trisyllabic reduplication of a monosyllabic word like in (18) shows us partial reduplication (Akinlabi, 1995). (18) -eupe white Nyeupe pepepe very (snow) white -eusi black Nyeusi tititi very (pitch) black -fa die Kufa fofofo die completely Different meanings can occur when (parts of) words are reduplicated as shown in the monosyllabic, disyllabic and trisyllabic words in (19): (19) Kaka brother Kakaka variety of vegetable Kakakaka hastily In English, reduplication is not a regular process of word formation. It can occur though: Exact reduplication; papa, mama, goody-goody, never-never Ablaut reduplication; zig-zag, ping-pong, flip-flop Rhyme reduplication; razzle-dazzle, boogie-woogie, hodge-podge 8 Problems in morphological analysis While making this paper, we found some problems in analyzing Swahili morphology. In the following paragraphs we will look at some of these difficulties. 8.1 Zero morphemes While analyzing Swahili expressions difficulties may occur because of the existence of zero morphemes (Ø). Zero morphemes are morphemes that are neither pronounced, nor written, but do have a certain function. They can be applied in different ways. In Swahili, Ø can occur in verbs, nouns and subjects. 8.1.1 Zero morphemes: verbs When a verb is negated, the subject prefix is preceded by a negation marker si-, which replaces the pronominal subject prefix ni- and ha-. For instance, I didnt eat is sikukula in Swahili. Besides the pronominal subject prefix, the tense marker also changes, when the verb is negated. Some tense markers become null (Ø). These are the affirmative tense markers -a- (present simple), -na- (present continuous) and -hu- (present habitual) (Safari Akida, 2003). An example (Lot Publications, 2010): (20) ha-wa-Ã ¸-imb-i Neg-SA2-Pres-SAs-Neg.Pres.Ind They do not sing 8.1.2 Zero morphemes: nouns Looking at the noun classes in table 4, we see that nouns like fruits or produce of plants take the affix ma- in plural, but there is no affix to express the singular form. Therefore, the singular form takes a zero morpheme, as illustrated in (20) (Mohammed, 2001): (21) Ø chungwa an orange machungwa oranges Ø ua a flower mauwa flowers The zero morpheme indicates that the word is singular. Besides the class that is shown in the example, there are many more classes that take a zero morpheme to differentiate between plural and singular. When we compare this to English, we see that in English, a singular noun is most likely to be preceded by a determiner and the plural form is often locked into the word (an apple apples). But there are some nouns that carry a zero morpheme. For instance: the word fish remains the same when the plural form is derived from the singular noun. In the plural form, a zero morpheme is the most right morpheme. This silent morpheme is placed here to distinguish between plural and singular nouns. 8.1.3 Zero morphemes: null subject and null objects In some Swahili clauses, the subject or object is marked by a zero morpheme: the morpheme that marks the person and number of the subject or object is not written nor pronounced. The subject can be absent (22), as well as the object (23) (Deen, 2002): (22) a na m pend a Mariam SA3s Pres- OA3s like- Ind Mariam He likes Mariam (23) a na m pend a SA3s- Pres OA3s like Ind He likes her We can recognise the phi features of subject and object, looking at the subject- and object agreement within the verb. Swahili is a null subject language, whereas in English, subject dropping is less common (ibid.). In English, the subject can be dropped in informal communication (24). However, there are many restrictions: the subject can not be dropped in questions (25); stressed subjects can not be omitted (26); subject pronoun drop is not permitted in embedded clauses (27) (Weir, 2009): (24) Dont think I can make it tonight. (25) *Are Ø going to the party? (26) A: Who runs this place? B: * Run this place. (27) *Ø Dont think Ø should go. 8.2 Stem marker -ku- An other difficulty in analyzing Swahili morphology is the infinitival marker ku. As mentioned in the infinitival noun example in (9), some verbs in Swahili require the insertion of the morpheme -ku-. In negative infinitives, this would mean that there are two infinitival markers: (28) ku-to-ku-j-a ku-Neg-ku-come-FV not to come In his article A lexical treatment for stem markers in Swahili, Marten claims that the general analysis of the second -ku- in example (28) as a stem marker. A stem marker should be inserted when the tense markers cannot carry stress. The analysis of -ku- as a stem marker in example (28), implies unjustly that there are two infinitival markers in negative infinitives (Marten, 2002). It is clear that there is more than one way to analyze the morpheme -ku-. 8.3 Word boundaries In Swahili, it is difficult to determine word boundaries. We can detect a boundary by looking at the verb template as given earlier in paragraph 3.3. Another important element in determining word boundaries, is stress (Zwart, 1997). 9 Conclusion In this paper we gave a description of Swahili morphology and where possible, drew parallels between Swahili and English. There are some broad similarities between the two languages. Swahili and English share the same (bare verb-) language class. Both languages are right headed languages, even though in Swahili a finite vowel can be placed after the head. Many of the morphological processes that occur in Swahili, occur in English as well. However, the degree to which these processes occur, differs. In Swahili, inflection and derivation have a more decisive role than in English. The fact that Swahili nouns (which can be placed in different noun classes) are often bound and need a prefix, unlike in English, where most nouns are free, illustrates this. Reduplication is another phenomenon that occurs more often in Swahili than in English. In Swahili, even personal pronouns are reduplications. The use of zero morphemes, portmanteaus and allomorphs is also more common in Swahili than in En glish. Swahili has some characteristics that cannot be related to English, like the problem of analyzing the stem marker -ku- and the determining of word boundaries. Another example is the way verbs are built. The verb template in Swahili differs from the verb template in English. The underlying cause of many of the differences between the languages is their typology: Swahili is a polysynthetic language, English is an inflectional language. The difference in typology is an important explanation for the difference in the occurrence of many of the morphological processes.

Colonialism and Imperialism in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay

   Joseph Conrad's novella, Heart of Darkness, describes a life-altering journey that the protagonist, Marlow, experiences in the African Congo.   The story explores the historical period of colonialism in Africa to exemplify Marlow's struggles.   Marlow, like other Europeans of his time, is brought up to believe certain things about colonialism, but his views change as he experiences colonialism first hand. This essay will explore Marlow's view of colonialism, which is shaped through his experiences and also from his relation to Kurtz.   Marlow's understanding of Kurtz's experiences show him the effects colonialism can have on a man's soul.   In Europe, colonialism was emphasized as being a great and noble cause.   It was seen as, the white mans mission to help civilize and improve a savage race.   At the beginning of the book, Marlow talks about the Roman conquest of Britain and the similar situation to that of Africa.   The Romans felt the British people were savage and looked down on them because they believed that they had achieved more.   I believe Marlow drew this comparison to ironically show that the Europeans are not as superior as they think and to demonstrate that they t... ...99. Print. Goonetilleke, D.C.R.A. "Heart of Darkness: Overview." Literature Resources from Gale. Gale, 1994. Web. 18 Oct. 2014.   Hillman, James. "Notes on White Supremacy: Essaying an Archetypal Account of Historical Events," Spring (1986): 29-57. Loe, Thomas. "Heart of Darkness: Overview." Literature Resources from Gale. Gale, 1991. Web. 18 Oct. 2014. McLynn, Frank. Hearts of Darkness: The European Exploration of Africa. New York: Carol & Gey, 1992. Patrick Brantlinger, ?Heart of Darkness: Anti-Imperialism, Racism, or Impressionism?? Criticism (Fall, 1985) 364.  Ã‚  

Internal and External Factors of Management Essay

Introduction Businesses rely heavily on the four basic functions of management Planning, Organizing, Directing, and Controlling; however, the skilled management of internal and external factors will ultimately determine the longevity of the company. Management teams are measured on how quickly they can build a company over a short period. However, the real measure is how well a company can continue to grow. Company success is continually evolving as the world changes, making it difficult on management teams to adapt as internal and external forces mold new paths. Google is a prime example of a leading company who must constantly evaluate their business objectives to keep up with the changing technological landscape. Traditional business models use a top down approach may leave the company unable to change, as the business leader is unable to change. â€Å"It is noteworthy that neither Larry Page nor Sergei Brin, Google’s founders, has proclaimed himself â€Å"chief software architect,† the badge Bill Gates wears at Microsoft† (Hamel, 2006) Instead the founders have designed a concept the makes every idea stand on its own merits. Internal and external factors such as Globalization, Technology, Innovation, Diversity, and Ethics carry large weight in management strategies and the method in which ideas are executed. Planning Planning is the first of the four management functions. Google manages to plan for their future by recognizing that planning requires research and development. Investing in new technologies takes time and money, and not every cent or minute can be dedicated to research without other sources for income. This is why Google invest in smaller companies to fund the evolution of change in the technological world. So even though the company’s overall growth may experience slow periods the overall income will continue to grow with the acquisition of these multiple smaller companies. Organizing Organizing is attracting people to the organization as well as assembling and coordinating the human, financial, physical, informational, and other resources needed to achieve goals. â€Å"Google is famously elitist when it comes to hiring. It understands that companies begin to slide into mediocrity when they start to hire mediocre people. Google’s grueling hiring process, akin to a Mensa test, values nonconformity nearly as highly as genius.† (Hamel,  2006) Google also allows their employees 20% creative time, which is off budget, and off project. This off shift time can attribute to some of Google’s most profitable ideas and software implementation. Providing the creative outlet for the company’s highly creative employees has yielded great results and is part of Google’s overall planning model. Hamel, G. (2006, Apr 27). Management a la google. The Wall Street Journal Asia. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/315425991?accountid=35812 The ultimate test of any management team is not how fast it can grow its company in the short-term, but how consistently it can grow it over the long-term. In a world where change is relentless and seditious, this demands a capacity for rapid strategic adaptation. In many cases, companies haven’t been changing as fast as the world around them.What the laggards have failed to grasp is that what matters most today is not a company’s competitive advantage at a point in time, but its evolutionary advantage over time. [Google] gets this. While Google’s growth will inevitably slow, there’s a good chance that its revenues will arc upward for years. Why? Because its novel management system seems to have been designed to guard against the risk factors that so often erode an organization’s evolutionary potential: When power is concentrated at the top, a tradition-bound executive team can hold a company’s capacity to change hostage to its own ability to adapt. That’s why it usually takes a financial meltdown and leadership change to set a company on a new course. It is noteworthy that neither Larry Page nor Sergei Brin, Google’s founders, has proclaimed himself â€Å"chief software architect,† the badge Bill Gates wears at Microsoft. Rather than assume they’re infallible seers with a divine right to dictate Google’s next strategy and the one after that, Messrs. Page and Brin have created a Darwinian environment in which every idea must compete on its merits, not on the grandeur of its sponsor’s title. Google understands that even as it’s ramping up today’s business model, it has to be buying options on the future by creating a lot of little â€Å"Googlettes.† Evolution demands a lot of new experiments; but experimentation takes time and money, scarce commodities when every hour of time and every dollar of capital have already been  allocated to some â€Å"mission criticalâ⠂¬  project. That’s why every Google developer can spend up to 20% of his time working on off-budget, out-of-scope projects. This time is more than a perk; it’s Google’s seed corn for the future. The payoff? In one recent period, more than half of Google’s newly launched products could trace their origins to a 20% project. You have requested â€Å"on-the-fly† machine translation of selected content from our databases. This functionality is provided solely for your convenience and is in no way intended to replace human translation. 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Purchasing Computer

For Instance, If they found a newer and cheaper way to produce computers, then the price of them would go down, making the emend rise even more. Some of this products substitute would be another factor. Substitutes are goods that are usually used In place of one another. Today, people are able to access the World Wide Internet through their cellular devices, Glenn them the opportunity to make the same transactions or do the same research that they would be able to do on their computers; this Is making It almost unnecessary to own a computer.There are also places like the public library that offers use of their computers at no cost to you, which is how I did all my homework and research for school before purchasing a computer. These substitutes could make the demand for computers to decrease, which in turn will cause the quantity to increase. There are some items that are made to complement computers, such as software or routers. Without some of these products, the computer that you p urchased may be of no use to you.In the case of schooling, there are requirements for certain software's that do not come already included in your computer purchase, and you also need to set up your means for internet connection, which would require a wireless router, broadband, dial-up, or Wi-If. Either way, your computer does not come already installed with these applications, they must be purchased separately. The impact that computers have on people's everyday life have made them nearly a necessity which can impact price elasticity. People need computers for home life, work, or communication, but they are an expensive product.So, people will shop around to try and find the best deals on the computer that they prefer. There are many deferent options available for someone looking to purchase a computer. There are desktops or laptops, PC or MAC, different sizes and storage capacities, and deferent suppliers. The choice of buying a computer provides many different options, giving th e price elasticity. Some are more expensive than others. Computers are changing every day, they are becoming smaller, easier to access, more options, and software.They are built Into our phones and GAPS systems, and can be found Just about anywhere. I believe that computers will always be a huge product which will be costly, but there are a few factors that may change that In the future. Because they have been around for so long, most people already own one, the ability to use public computers, and the efferent forms of technology that are being Invented every day, provide many different options for people that could steer them away from a regular desktop or laptop computer.Purchasing Computer By Jennie no need to purchase another one. New discoveries in technology could be a factor in the change of supply and demand. For instance, if they found a newer and cheaper Substitutes are goods that are usually used in place of one another. Today, people are able to access the World Wide in ternet through their cellular devices, giving them would be able to do on their computers; this is making it almost unnecessary to own ND find the best deals on the computer that they prefer.There are many different laptops, PC or MAC, different sizes and storage capacities, and different suppliers. Day; they are becoming smaller, easier to access, more options, and software. They are built into our phones and GAPS systems, and can be found Just about anywhere. I are a few factors that may change that in the future. Because they have been around for so long, most people already own one, the ability to use public computers, and the different forms of technology that are being invented every day, provide many

Reasoning and Analysis Paper Assignmentâ€Cms 11, Sec. 8531 Essays

Reasoning and Analysis Paper Assignment- Cms 11, Sec. 8531 Essays Reasoning and Analysis Paper Assignment- Cms 11, Sec. 8531 Paper Reasoning and Analysis Paper Assignment- Cms 11, Sec. 8531 Paper Message body Reasoning and Analysis Paper Assignment- CMS 11, Sec. 8531 This assignment is a reasoning and analysis paper. What you have to do is to select one of the two movies listed below, and then develop a paper in which you analyze how both the halo effect (or the reverse halo effect) and the thesis expressed in Prof. Comila Shahani-Denning’s article are reflected in the movie. Be aware that the halo effect is not always about physical appearance. Also, although the halo effect and Shahani-Denning’s thesis may seem similar, they are not identical and should not be treated as one idea in your paper. What You Have to Do Prepare for this Assignment 1. Read the following article: Shahani-Denning, Comila. â€Å"Physical Attractiveness Bias in Hiring: What is Beautiful is Good. † Hofstra Horizons (Spring 2003): 15-18. (note: I found this article by googling the title. ) 2. Watch The Devil Wears Prada (2006) or Broadcast News (1987). 3. Write a 3/12 to 4 page paper (plus a works cited page; Times New Roman, 12 point font; double spaced) in which you answer the following question: How do the halo effect (or the reverse halo effect) and Shahani-Denning’s thesis apply to the assumptions and behaviors of the characters in the film as well as to your personal experience or to today’s popular culture? A good paper will accomplish all of the following (although not necessarily in the order listed): 1. Correctly identify the assigned article’s thesis and provide a concise, effective summary of the article that cites two or more supporting examples from the article. (Note: this may take you approximately one page); be sure to include in-text citations in MLA when you cite the article in your paper. . Explain how the article’s thesis relates to the movie. (Note be very specific when you relate the article’s thesis to the movie; use specific examples from the movie; be sure to cite the movie in your paper using MLA format, as well). 3. Explain what the halo effect (or the reverse halo effect) is and how it affects perception. (Note: yo u may use the definition from your textbook for the halo effect; be sure to cite your text if you do- this applies whether to use a direct quotation or paraphrase what the text says). 4. Explain how the halo effect (or the reverse halo effect) is depicted in the film. Again, be specific; each example needs to be described and cited). 5. Explain how the halo effect or Shahani-Denning’s thesis relates to a personal experience or to popular culture. (Note: popular culture means anything that has a wide popular appeal; forms of entertainment such as popular tv shows, music media, even the evening news are all part of the popular culture in the US). 6. Follow MLA guidelines for paper format and citation format (including in-text citations and a final works cited page). The final draft is due Saturday, Dec. rd (The weekend following the Thanksgiving break). Please Note: Late papers will not be accepted. Why are you doing this? This assignment will help you to learn how to apply a c oncept learned in class to your own life and society as well as to assimilate and synthesize information from a variety of sources. Your paper will be marked using the Departmental Scoring Rubric (this will be looked at in class). All papers will be uploaded to Turnitin. com to be screened for plagiarism (similarity report). Papers that are not submitted will not be graded.

Forces That Drives Growth in International Trade Research Paper

Forces That Drives Growth in International Trade - Research Paper Example Additionally, improvement of upcoming democracies in the realms of politics in most countries is a strong force for the growth of international trade. Primarily, according to Diaw & Lessoua (2013), the increased utilization of the internet has stirred international trade forward. More people can now access the internet today than any other time in the history of internet invention. The internet has comes with many prospect that has been of advantage to the connectivity and increased transaction of business. With internet, most of the products in overseas can be ordered online and paid online with services such as PayPal and other services hence giving international trade a force that takes into new levels. More so, internet has come up with websites that display products that oversees and in demand by a particular individual or company on other corners of the world. Websites such as Alibaba.com provide a good platform of increasing the international trade. Internet has also made communication between international traders cheaper and cheaper hence easier for them to be in commerce with each other. In overall, Internet has made thi s world smaller and smaller hence hyper-connectivity consequently increasing the international trade (Diaw & Lessoua 2013). The upcoming democracies according to Van & Lewer (2007) have also played a role in the surge in the international trade growth in the world at present. With democracy, most of these countries have had peace of late, which is an imperative component in having international trade growing and getting forward. Most important to note is that most of this countries that have come to embrace democracy are the hub of minerals and other products that are in demand internationally. Africa has been for long been torn by war and made it difficult to trade with other countries internationally hence becoming hurdle in stirring the international commerce forward. With the latest development and having peace in these countries,

What are the main differences between hypothetical and categorical Essay

What are the main differences between hypothetical and categorical imperatives - Essay Example In reference to Immanuel Kant’s work, both hypothetical and categorical imperatives have been immensely and clearly differentiated. To start with, hypothetical imperatives are considered as instructions which direct one to act in a certain manner or way so as to achieve a desired result. For instance, if one considers owning an expensive car, then he or she must search for a good paying job to contribute in coming up with the funds. In most instances, hypothetical imperatives apply to individuals who wish to achieve the results. On the other hand, categorical imperatives are instructions which direct individuals on what to do irrespective of one’s desires. In other words, they are referred to as commands since one is left with no option but to act accordingly, an example: Though shall not murder. The results are normally good and of upright morals. Kant (vi) claims that the moral law can only be expressed in the form of a categorical imperative due to the fact that it is imposed by the reason itself but not externally. He also states that the moral law applies universally and should therefore have standard ordering principle in which everyone is expected to observe. Kant is therefore right because, when the moral law is expressed in terms of comparative imperative then the society at large works harmoniously and each member acts as a law unto himself. This then becomes an ideal place for a morally upright community. Q 2: How does Kant explain the difference between perfect and imperfect duties According to Kant, would it be permissible to tell a lie if the lie might save someone's life Explain Kant's position on this and whether or not you agree. According to the ground work by Kant (103), he focuses on two types of duties which include perfect and imperfect. Kant looks at perfect duties as the actions which when evaluated according to the first maxim, they bring about innate contradictions. To state it in clear terms, they are actions that produce innate contradictions when they are reasonably applied as worldwide laws. For instance, murder would be considered as a perfect duty since if murder was to be applied as a world wide law it would eventually lead to an inherent contradiction. Since murder cannot be rationally applied as a universal law, it is therefore not permissible under the first maxim. On the other hand, imperfect duties involve various acts that when evaluated according to the first maxim or when they are reasonably applied as universal laws; they do not bring about any inherent contradictions (Kant 104). According to Kant, lying is considered as an imperfect duty since if it were applied as a universal law, it would not raise any inherent contradiction. Lying is therefore not allowed under the first maxim despite its application as a universal law. In reference to Kant, it would therefore not be permissible to tell a lie even if it would save someone's life. In my opinion, a lie which would save someone's life is necessary since one will have played a role in saving a life which is very critical. However, lying should not be used as a form of defense or for purposes of obtaining favor. Q 3: People in distress often make "false promises" in order to alleviate their situation. According to Kant, is such action in accordance with the moral law or not Paying particular attention to his understanding of the categorical imperative and what it prescribes, explain Kant's position on this. Do you agree with Kant Why or why not According to Kant, making of false promises so as to alleviate one's situation is not in accordance with the moral law since it rests on a maxim that can be comprehensibly universalized. The moral rules normally require telling the truth and keeping of promises, therefore making of false p